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The Influence of Growth Regulators on the Productivity of Flax Plants

Khodanitska Olena, Shevchuk Oksana, Tkachuk Olesia, Kuryata Volodymyr, Polyvanyi Stepan, Matviichuk Oleksandr, Kryklyvyi Rostyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

163--169

EN

Contemporary agrobiology is aimed at solving the problem of sufficiently stable agricultural crop yield, given the principles of eco-friendly nature use and mandatory monitoring of anthropogenic load on agrocenoses. Hormonal regulation of physiological functions, including the use of preparations based on phytohormones and modifiers of their activity, is one of the topical directions for tackling the problem of plant productivity. The article presents the research results of the effect of the inhibitor of antigibberellin action – chlormequat chloride – and the stimulator based on treptoleum phytohormones on the processes of morphogenesis, the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the yield of flax plants. The plant height is established to decrease under the action of chlormequat chloride, and increase under the influence of treptolem. Both preparations caused an increase in the flax stem diameter. When applying growth regulators, the number of leaves and their total surface area, duration of functioning increased, which generally contributed to the improvement of the crop structure and flax plants productivity. Determination of the content of residual amounts of drugs was carried out on samples of leaves and stems of flax, while the complete absence or traces of chlormequat chloride was noted.

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The Sprouting Activity of Oil Flax Seeds after Treatment with a Preparation Made of Bottom Ash and Technical Carbon

Khusainov Abilzhan, Skipin Leonid, Kyzdarbekova Gulmira, Khusainova Razia, Kakabaev Anuar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

192--201

EN

The article provides the results of studying the effect of 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% aqueous suspensions of bottom ash and technical carbon on the germination vigor of the seeds of oil flax and the environmental safety of its use in terms of the content of heavy metals. Laboratory experiments were performed at the environment lab, field experiments – at the experimental field of the Kokshetau State University n.a. S. Ualikhanov. The laboratory germination vigor of the seeds, the length of seedlings, and the mesocotyl were determined according to the Interstate Standard Agricultural Seeds GOST 12038–844. In the field experiment on studying dosages of introducing the drug, the content of heavy metals was determined by the method of stripping voltammetry. The preparation is a mixture of bottom ash and technical carbon in the ratio of 2:1. It has been found that the use of a 5% aqueous suspension of the preparations contributes to increasing the laboratory germination to 97.0% (88% in the reference), the length of the mesocotyl to 80 mm (55 mm in the reference), the length of roots to 79 mm, and the weight of germinated seeds to 1.6 grams (in the reference, these values were 46 mm and 0.6 g, respectively). After the introduction of the preparation made of bottom ash and technical carbon at the dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg/ha, the content of heavy metals insignificantly increases, compared to the reference, but does not exceed the permissible levels in the soil, in the stalks, and in the grains of oil flax; that is, the introduction of the preparation into the soil at the dosages of 100 – 500 kg/ha is ecologically safe. The experimental data have shown that the maximum effect is ensured by pre-sowing treatment of oil flax seeds with a 5% solution of aqueous suspension made of bottom ash and technical carbon, where the laboratory germination capacity of the seeds increased by 10.2%.

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Pro-Environmental and Health-Promoting Grounds for Restitution of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivation

Kiryluk Aleksander, Kostecka Joanna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

99--107

EN

The current state of the world’s ecosystems requires many measures to restore opportunities, if not for their reconstruction, then to stop the rate of biodiversity loss. One of the areas where this should happen is industrial agriculture. In order to diversify the large-scale monoculture crops dominated by cereals and fodder crops, science and practice draw attention to the need to introduce the plants of smaller or marginal significance into cultivation. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a species with special properties and great utility from the ancient times to the present. Currently, Canada is the largest producer of flax in the world, while France, Belgium and the Netherlands in Europe. The aim of the work was to assess the state of its cultivation (area and volume of production) and determine the possibilities of restituting this species in Poland. The analysis of the available materials indicates that the largest areas of flax cultivation occurred in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when flax competed with cotton as a raw material for the production of textile products. In the interwar period, Poland had a well-developed linen industry for flax processing. Large quantities of high-quality linseed oil were also produced. In the 1990s, the production of flax amounted to several hundred hectares, and after Poland’s accession to the EU, the area of cultivation and production of oil flax increased. Bearing in mind the pro-environmental qualities of linen and linseed oil, there is a need to popularize this species and increase the cultivation area, for which the climatic and soil conditions in moderate climate are very favorable.

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The Influence of Agroclimatic Factors on the Formation of Oil Content in Flax Seeds in the North of Kazakhstan

Gordeyeva Y., Shestakova N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

102--105

EN

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the promising oil crops in the north of Kazakhstan. Over the last 10 years, the total area under this crop in the region has increased fourteen-fold, since flax is a very plastic crop for steppe and dry steppe conditions, and oil seeds are in high demand in the world market. Flaxseed oil, due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, occupies one of the first positions among other edible vegetable oils. Depending on the environmental conditions, the oil content of the crop may vary from 36.4% to 52.0%, while, as noted by many researchers, the change in the oil content depends on the genotypic characteristics. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the influence of the genotype and climatic conditions of cultivation on the fat biosynthesis in flax seeds in the context of the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan on dark chestnut soils of the Akmola region. Field experiments were conducted in 2015–2017 with the study of nine oil flaxseed cultivars (of mid-season varieties) sown on May 20th at the seeding rate of 7 million seeds/ha based on the traditional technology of cultivation recommended for the region. The climatic parameters were taken into account according to the meteorological service data. The fat content was determined by the extraction method using a Soxhlet apparatus, in accordance with GOST (All-Union State Standard) 10857–64, and the moisture content was determined by means of the thermogravimetric method, according to the National Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2.195–2010, for the recalculation of the oil content for absolutely dry matter. It was found that the formation of oil depends on the climatic parameters and on the sum of active temperatures during the ripening period, in particular. The evaluation of plasticity and stability of the cultivars (genotypes) showed that VNIIMK 620, Lirina, Karabalyksky 7 can be considered highly valuable cultivars and Severny, Biryuza, Kazar, Ilyich – valuable cultivars in terms of the oil content for the dry steppe zone.

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Wpływ zaprawiania nasion lnu metodami ekologicznymi na zróżnicowanie flory grzybowej w glebie

Wielgusz K., Heller K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 56, nr 4

198-202

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu zaprawiania nasion lnu włóknistego Alba na zmianę flory grzybowej w glebie, w warstwie ryzosfery. Badania wykonano w fazie zielonej dojrzałości torebek nasiennych lnu. W Instytucie Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich w Poznaniu w latach 2004-2005 badano wpływ zaprawiania nasion biologicznymi preparatami: Polyversum (zawierającym oospory Pythium oligandrum) oraz Cedomon (zawierającym bakterię Pseudomonas fluorescens), preparatem EM (zawierającym mieszaninę bakterii fotosyntetycznych, bakterii kwasu mlekowego oraz drożdży), na zróżnicowanie flory grzybowej w glebie. Kontrolę stanowiły nasiona lnu niezaprawione żadnym preparatem oraz zaprawione chemiczną Zaprawą Nasienną Oxafun T 75 DS (zawierającą karboksynę i tiuram). Wyniki składu gatunków grzybów glebowych w kombinacji, gdzie nie zastosowano żadnej zaprawy nasiennej w porównaniu z kombinacjami, gdzie do zaprawiania nasion użyto biologicznych zapraw wskazują, że zaprawy te mają wpływ na zmianę populacji grzybów w glebie. Pythium oligandrum najsilniej hamowało tworzenie się kolonii grzybów w glebie. Bakterie Pseudomonas znacznie słabiej hamowały rozwój kolonii grzybów w glebie niż fungicyd.

EN

The aim of this study was tot assess the effect of dressing of the oil flax variety Alba seeds on the changes in composition of fungal flora in the soil( and) rhizosphere at the green maturity of flax bolls. In 2004-2005 at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in Poznan, studies were carried out on the effect of seed dressing with biological preparations such as: Polyversum (containing oospores of Pythium oligandrum), Cedomon (containing the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens), and EM (containing a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeats), on fungus flora diversity in the soil. The control samples of untreated flax seeds and the seeds treated with Oxafun T 75 DS chemical seed dressing (containing carboxin and tiuram). The comparison of the results of the tests for soil fungi composition in the samples where no seed dressing was applied with the samples where biological seed dressing was used indicate that the applied seed dressing affected the fungal population in the soil. Pythium oligandrum inhibited most intensively the formation of fungal colonies. Pseudomonas bacteria had much weaker inhibition effect on the fungal growth than the chemical fungicide.