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Distribution of oil, grease and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal water and sediments of Suez Bay

Elmorsi Randa

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2021

Vol. 50, No. 4

373--384

The permanganate index (PI), oil and grease (O&G), and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in surface sediment and water samples collected at 13 sites along the western coast of Suez Bay (SB). PI and O&G in the SB coastal seawater ranged from 9.6 mg O2 l−1 and 17.0 mg l−1 to 16.0 mg O2 l−1 and 37.0 mg l−1, respectively. The level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water and sediment in the SB offshore area was determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The concentration ranged from 0.574 to 16873.2 ng g−1 in the sediment and 0.502 to 43.540 ng l−1 in water. The collected data were compared with values reported in the literature. The possible source and origin of pollution was also assessed based on the determined relative PAH levels at the study sites, the ratio of low molecular mass PAHs (LPAHs) to high molecular mass PAHs (HPAHs), and molecular indices of samples.

Oil, grease and used petroleum oil management and environmental economic issues

Pawlak Z., Rauckyte T., Oloyede A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2008

Vol. 26, nr 1

11-17

Purpose: This paper undertakes to answer the question of how used petroleum oil and grease enter groundwater or to the drain becoming both environmental and economic problems to utility companies. Design/methodology/approach: Laboratory methodology was based on modern instrumentation validated further with experimental investigation. Petroleum-contaminated soil samples were analyzed for oil and grease (O/G) content, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and volatile aromatic compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene. Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyse BTEX and naphthalene analytes. Findings: The results show that total petroleum hydrocarbon fraction (TPH) accounted for oil and grease (O/G) and the ratio of [TPH]/[O/G] ranged from 12% to 50%. The results of volatile organic fraction (BTEX) accounted for only a small part of total TPH and the ratio of [BTEX]/[TPH] ranged below 1%. The concentration of four samples for TPH test exceeded the regulatory limit of 500 ppm for hydrocarbons. The gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method appear to offer the best basis for standard TPH test in soil and groundwater verification of site cleanup. Research limitations/implications: In the future it will be possible to apply the procedures to other more complicated cases e.g. used oil containing more than 1000 ppm total halogens, which is regulated as hazardous waste. Practical implications: Promising directions for adaptation of appropriate pre-treatment standard processes for recycling programs, pollution prevention and reduction of maintenance cost. Originality/value: The gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) methods appear to offer the best hope for standard TPH test in soil and groundwater verification of site cleanup. Implementation of management standards and a permit policy for O/G and used oil generators will be issued to each facility.