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Direct carbon, integrated gasification, and deposited carbon solid oxide fuel cells: a patent-based review of technological status

Skrzypkiewicz M., Obrębowski S.

Journal of Power Technologies

2018

Vol. 98, nr 1

139--160

This review presents three directions in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology development involving solid-state carbon in some stage of the fuel-to-electricity conversion process: direct carbon (DC-SOFC), integrated gasification (IG-SOFC) and deposited carbon (rechargeable SOFC). Recent achievements of science and technology were studied in order to identify the most widely developed concepts. In addition, the review contains a statistical approach to published patents and articles, naming the people and institutions active in the field. Simultaneous development of all three technologies could bring synergies and contributed to a major breakthrough in the efficiency of coal-fired power plants.

The effect of coal thermal pretreatment on the electrochemical performance of molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell (MH-DCFC)

Kacprzak A., Kobyłecki R., Bis Z.

Journal of Power Technologies

2017

Vol. 97, nr 5

382--387

The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of carbonaceous fuels (e.g. fossil coals, charred biomass, activated carbons, graphite, coke, carbon black, etc.) directly into electricity. However, the use of coal in the DCFC is sometimes problematic particularly if volatile matter evolves from the fuel during fuel cell operation. The recommended course of action to minimize that problem is to pre-treat thermally or even pyrolyze the coal and remove the volatiles before the fuel is used in the fuel cell. In this paper, three raw and thermally-treated coals of various origins have been compared for electrochemical activity in a direct carbon fuel cell with molten hydroxide electrolyte (MH-DCFC). The thermal pre-treatment of selected coals was carried out in an inert gas atmosphere at 1023 K. It was found that-compared to raw coals the pyrolyzed coals presented lower maximum current and power densities at 723 K but simultaneously provided faster stabilization of the open circuit voltage.