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Chemical electricity

Szydło Zbigniew A.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2021

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R. 26, NR 1-2

5--29

EN

In 1800 Alessandro Volta published the results of several years’ work on the phenomenon of electric shocks which he experienced from physical contact with the terminals of his newly developed battery. His work was prompted by Luigi Galvani’s explanation of involuntary muscle spasms in frog’s legs, which he induced and attributed to animal electricity. Volta’s paper opened the floodgates for research in the new field of electrochemistry which has resulted in today’s worldwide electric battery industry. This essay explains the sequence of natural events and their explanations which led to the publication of Volta’s paper, and gives an overview of the scientific research resulting from Volta’s work. This research includes attempts to improve batteries, and the development of ideas which led to a better understanding of matter and the way it interacts with energy. Practical details for the teaching of several important chemical concepts are listed in the appendix. The experiments are related to a reaction which has been known for many centuries - that between iron and copper sulphate solution.

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Badania laboratoryjne ogniw elektrycznych przeznaczonych do zastosowania w napędzie hybrydowym bezzałogowego aparatu latającego

Bogusz P., Korkosz M., Prokop J., Wygonik P.

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

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2012

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Nr 2(95)

111-115

EN

The paper discusses the design and operation of a parallel hybrid drive designed for the use In unmanned aerial vehicles. An analysis of accumulator batteries selection designed for the drive was made. There were presented the tests results of the different types of accumulators carried out by the authors on a test stand. Based on the results obtained there was chosen the correct type of battery pack.

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Wybrane zagadnienia z eksploatacji lotniczych pokładowych kwasowych baterii akumulatorowych

Gębura A., Radoń T.

Journal of KONBiN

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2011

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No. 4 (20)

215--234

PL

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z eksploatacją lotniczych pokładowych elektrycznych baterii akumulatorowych, elementów pojemnika-kontenera oraz elementów obwodów elektrycznych łączących tę baterię z układem rozruchu i zapłonu. Główną uwagę skupiono na przypadkach eksploatacyjnego uszkadzania się baterii. Dokonano analizy niektórych przypadków nieudanych rozruchów i przedstawiono próbę znalezienia przyczyn. Wspomniano również o wpływie zwiększonej rezystancji przyłączy minusowych, pokładowych baterii akumulatorowych na niektóre „niedomagania” lotniczych pokładowych baterii akumulatorowych. Osobny rozdział poświęcono złączom wysokoprądowym pokładowej elektrycznej baterii akumulatorowej. Zaproponowano wymianę złączy wysokoprądowych „starego” systemu na złącza zgodne ze standardem NATO. Złącza standardu NATO w praktyce eliminują eksploatacyjne zużywanie się styku wysokoprądowego.

EN

Problems related to operating of aircraft lead-acid batteries elements of a container as well as elements of electric circuits connecting the battery with the ignitron. Batteries are used for starting an engine of aircraft. They operate directly with generators driver by aircraft’s engines as well as are used for supply of Power network’s receivers In case of generators failure. The principal attention is drown to the cases of battery’s. The analysis of same unsuccessful starting an engine occurs as well as the attempt to firs a reason Fusing on ITWL’s researches and observations. The reasons are, according to opinion of authors’, underline battery’s defects as well as a operating wear of the battery container’s elements and increased voltage drops In electric circuits connecting the battery with the ignitron system. The influence of increased resistance of minus terminals of aircraft’s batteries on some defects of batteries is also mentioned. A separate chapter is dedicated to hight-current connections of aircraft’s battery which are a battery container’s element. The change of “old” hight-current connections on the connections according to NATO standards has been proposed. Connections according to NATO statndards eliminate the operating wear of high-current terminal into practice.

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Analysis of effect of radiation exposure on cultured cells using electrical cell-substrate impedance Sensing (ECIS) method

Goda N., Yamamoto Y., Nakamura M., Maruyama T., Kusuhara T., Mohri S., Kataoka N., Kajiya F.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 27, no. 1-2

227-236

EN

A mathematical model for the micro-dynamics of cultured cells measured with the ECIS (Electrical Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing) system that can separately evaluate the cell-to-cell distance and the cell-to-substrate distance is proposed. For wide applications of this method, mathematical models considering various types of cells and confluent conditions were constructed. Using ECIS TM, frequency the characteristics of 25 Hz to 60 kHz of impedance of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), BAEC (bovine aortic endothelial cells), in the pre-confluent condition and the full confluent condition of each cell were measured. A mathematical model of the micro-dynamics of the cultured cells measured with ECIS from 1 kHz to 10 kHz, which was the most interesting frequency range for the micro-dynamic analysis in the ECIS methods is proposed. The evaluation method of the cell-to-cell distance (A) and the cell-to-substrate distance (h) could be improved. In the application, we investigated the effect of the X-ray radiation exposure from 1 Gy to 100 Gy on the cultured cells BAEC using the ECIS system. Impedance changes could be confirmed by exposure to 100 Gy. The X-ray stimulation of 100 Gy resulted in a significant increase of the value of the cell-to-cell distance (A).