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Circular economy in wastewater treatment plant

Kalemba Katarzyna

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

2020

Vol. 13, no. 4

93--97

Wastewater treatment plants are becoming an important part of circular economy. In addition to the classic role of wastewater treatment plants, they are gaining a new important mission to fulfil. According to the Nutrients-Energy-Water (N-E-W) paradigm, wastewater treatment plants should also focus on energy production and resource recovery. Intensification of biogas production is an important element in improving the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. This can be achieved by introducing sewage sludge co-digestion with organic substrate, thermal hydrolysis and disintegration of the sludge. Water renewal, which includes a number of processes to restore the water features of the wastewater, is also becoming an important objective. Intensive research is being carried out on the production of bioplastics by bacteria inhabiting municipal and industrial sewage. Technologies for recovery of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from sewage and sludge are also advanced. The paper presents current trends in the development of sewage treatment plants based on the assumptions of circular economy and current policy of the European Green Deal.

Przyczyny i skutki pozostawiania w złożach niewykorzystanych zasobów kopalin

Nieć M., Uberman R., Naworyta W., Uberman R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2018

Vol. 66, nr 3

166--169

Mineral raw materials are necessary for economic activity and wealth of every country. They are sourced primary from mineral deposits that are, with few exceptions, non-renewable. Their resources, suitable for economic exploitation, are limited and exhaustible. This is the reason for rational and careful utilization of mineral deposits and best possible recovery of explored resources.It should be guaranteed by the state legal regulations. However, the mining is often ceased before the deposit resources are exhausted, resulting from various reasons: due to human-independent factors, such as catastrophic events, natural threats to mining, and loss of economic profitability, or due to administrative decisions of mining authorities. The closing of a mine followed by reclamation and new utilization of the abandoned mining area before the exhaustion of total reserves may preclude the possibility of mining of their remaining portions, resulting in their loss. The decision of mine closing should be preceded by the careful analysis of the future fate of the unrecovered resources, by valuating the possibility of their future exploitation, or considering them as lost. The above problems are presented based on case histories of some deposits. The mode ofpreventing abandonment of unrecovered resources is suggested.