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PL
Dobór odzieży ciepłochronnej dla pracowników, którzy wykonują czynności o różnym wydatku energetycznym lub są narażeni na znaczne zmiany temperatury podczas pracy, stanowi istotny problem. Aby ograniczyć obciążenie cieplne pracowników oraz poprawić ergonomię odzieży, w Centralnym Instytucie Ochrony Pracy – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym opracowano model innowacyjnej kurtki ciepłochronnej z dodatkiem wysokoizolacyjnego, lekkiego aerożelu oraz PCM. Opracowaną odzież oceniano pod względem ciepłochronności (izolacyjności cieplnej) oraz efektywności chłodzenia na podstawie wyników badań gęstości strumienia ciepła z manekina termicznego. Uzyskane zwiększenie wartości strumienia ciepła w obszarach z PCM bezpośrednio po założeniu kurtki świadczy o efekcie chłodzenia manekina, aczkolwiek efekt ten utrzymuje się tylko przez ok. 5-10 minut. Wyniki izolacyjności cieplnej wskazują, że działanie aerożelu jest najbardziej skuteczne w tych obszarach kurtki, w których występuje on samodzielnie (bez PCM).
EN
The selection of thermal-insulating clothing for employees performing activities with different energy expenditures or exposure to significant temperature changes during work is a relevant problem. To reduce the heat load of employees and improve the ergonomics of clothing, a model of the innovative thermal-insulating jacket with the addition of highly insulating, lightweight aerogel and PCM was developed in Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute. The developed clothing was evaluated in terms of thermal insulation and cooling efficiency based on the results of tests of the heat flux density from the thermal manikin. The obtained increase in the heat flux density value in the areas with PCM immediately after putting on the jacket shows the cooling effect of the manikin. However, this effect lasts only for about 5-10 minutes. The results of thermal insulation measurements indicate that the aerogel is most effective in the areas of the jacket where it is present alone (without PCM).
PL
Zgodnie z obowiązującymi w Polsce przepisami prawa pracodawca zobowiązany jest zapewnić pracownikowi bezpieczne warunki pracy. W przypadku narażenia pracownika na szkodliwe oddziaływanie środowiska zimnego, pracodawca musi zapewnić mu odpowiednio dobraną ciepłochronną odzież, spełniającą wymagania zapisów normy PN-EN 342:2018-01. Z uwagi na istotne zmiany, jakie zostały wprowadzone w nowym wydaniu wymienionego dokumentu, w szczególności w aspekcie metodyki badań izolacyjności cieplnej z wykorzystaniem manekina termicznego, w artykule zamieszczono informacje nt. różnic pomiędzy wydaniami normy PN-EN 342 z 2006 r. oraz 2018 r. Wyjaśniono również pojęcia związane z oceną skuteczności ochrony odzieży przed zimnem.
EN
In accordance with the Polish law, employers are expected to provide employees with safe working conditions. In case of the possible exposure of the employees to the harmful influence of the cold environment, the employer has to provide them with properly selected protective clothing against cold, and in this instance "properly" equals meeting the requirements of PN-EN 342:2018-01. Due to significant changes that were introduced in the new edition of the above-mentioned document, in particular in relation to methodology of testing of thermal insulation with a use of a thermal manikin, the following publication contains Information about the differences between the editions of the PN-EN 342 standard from 2006 and 2018. The concepts related to the assessment of the performance of clothing protecting against cold were also explained.
EN
A significant interest has been recently paid on ergonomics of the protective clothing due to its positive influence on safety, effectiveness and quality of work. In order to ensure comfort during a use of clothing protecting against cold it is necessary to adjust its thermal insulation as well as its construction to the predicted utility conditions. Therefore, a software that enables a design of clothing protecting against cold intended for a use in a specific thermal environment, as well as shaping its thermal insulation and defining principles of its safe use has been developed within a research project conducted in the CIOP-PIB. This software together with exemplary simulation results are presented in the paper. An influence of thermal resistance, design solutions and clothing dimensions applied in the clothing protecting against cold on its thermal insulation is also discussed.
EN
Protective clothing is one of the methods for a reduction of excess heat losses from the human body during the work in cold environment. However, this kind of clothing is characterized by constant, passive thermal insulation which does not ensure appropriate protection in varied working environment conditions resulting from e.g. variable ambient temperature or physical activity level. Active clothing protecting against cold that is characterized by changeable thermal properties allowing to limit worker’s thermal stress in a cold environment can be a solution for this problem. However, despite recently observed dynamical progress in this scope, there is still a need for further research aimed at optimization of developed solutions. Hence, the aim of this publication is a development of a base structure for active textile systems intended for clothing protecting against cold that will ensure an increased range of possible thermal insulation changes in a comparison to solutions already presented in the literature.
EN
Modeling of heat transfer through clothing structures is a dynamically developed research direction. There are attempts made aimed at development of the best possible description of human thermophysiological reactions depending on his anthropometric measurements and physical activity level, clothing used and thermal environment. However, the most often a result of simulations is temperature distribution on the body or clothing surface. It allows to conclude on a clothing user thermal state, but does not allow for a direct answer how to design clothing protecting against cold to ensure determined thermal insulation, required on a certain workplace. In a paper, there are presented assumptions for a computer application for clothing protecting against cold design, which will be developed in a framework of the project conducted in the CIOP-PIB. This program will be built on a basis of the mathematical model that allows for a simulation of clothing thermal insulation based on the thermal resistance of fabrics system of the clothing and parameters characterizing its construction. Moreover, program will be equipped with a module allowing for a design of clothing including individual needs of the end-users such as physical activity level, time of exposure to cold environment, ambient temperature and values of thermal insulation defined in appendix B to the standard PN-EN 342:2006 + PN-EN 342:2006/AC:2008P, that presents the requirements for clothing protecting against cold.
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