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PL
Artykuł ten prezentuje wyniki badań odnawialności części zlewni hydrograficznej prawobrzeżnej Wisły od Wieprza po Kanał Żerański, wykorzystane do oceny zasobów wód podziemnych. Za wiarygodną ocenę odnawialności uznaje się ocenę wykonaną w badaniach modelowych systemu wodonośnego przedmiotowej zlewni i wydzielonych rejonów wodnogospodarczych oraz w odniesieniu do poziomów wodonośnych piętra czwartorzędowego, poziomów miocenu i oligocenu oraz górnokredowego. Ocena ta wykonana metodami hydrologicznymi wykazuje globalnie mniejszą wielkość odnawialności – w przypadku metody Wundta o 13%, a Killego – 22,6%. Odpływ podziemny całej zlewni był określony na podstawie obserwacji z 4 mniejszych cieków dopływowych Wisły (niedrenujących w pełni wszystkich poziomów wodonośnych). Pominięcie punktów wodowskazowych Wisły w tej ocenie wynikło z faktu, że określony odpływ podziemny w tych wodowiskach był 2-krotnie większy niż odpływ z cieków dopływowych. Wynika to z korzystnych warunków hydrometeorologicznych istniejących w obszarze górnej zlewni Wisły.
EN
This article presents the results of research of renewability in a part of the right-bank Vistula catchment from the Wieprz River to the Żerański Channel. The results of renewability research were used in estimating groundwater resources in 2016. Mathematical modelling methods are the most reliable for estimating renewability in these balance catchments and in groundwater management units in relation to Quaternary, Miocene–Oligocene, and Upper Cretaceous aquifers. Estimation of the renewability achieved by hydrological methods shows smaller values in the case of the Wundt (smaller by about 13%) and Kille (smaller by about 22.6%) methods. The groundwater runoff was estimated based on data from four tributaries of the Vistula River. These tributaries do not drain completely all aquifers. The Vistula water lever indicator was not taken into account because groundwater runoff on the Vistula River is twice greater than groundwater runoff on the other tributaries. It results from the good hydrometeorology conditions existing in the upper Vistula catchment area.
EN
This paper presents the results of renewability research and evaluation of groundwater runoff in the Prosna river catchment of. The drainage basin is characterized by a considerable variation in geomorphology, hydrography and geology. The evaluation of groundwater renewability has been compared using both hydrological methods and mathematical modelling. Hydrological research consisted of genetic separation of the hydrograph for 1951-1980, and the Wundt and Kille methods based on low river flows for 1981-2010. Mathematical modelling has been conducted for the hydrodynamic state for 2014. The obtained results show a high convergence of about 3.7% in the case of the methods: Wundt, genetic separation hydrograph and mathematical modelling methods. On the contrary, a divergence of about 8-11% can be observed between these methods and the Kille method. Tables 1 and 2 present the results of renewability and groundwater runoff research in the Prosna river catchment. In conclusion, the mathematical modelling methods are considered as the most reliable for the evaluation of renewability and groundwater resources in catchments, due to spatial and various multilayer groundwater circulation systems.
EN
The article presents the evaluation of groundwater renewability due to effective infiltration in the hydrological system of the right-bank basin of Warta, Górna Noteć and Zgłowiączka rivers which is remarkably affected by productive lignite open mines (drainage process) as well as two closed mines (ceased dewatering process). The evaluation has been done using stationary model for groundwater circulatory system with four aquifers basing on groundwater exploitation state in 2012. The forecast of groundwater exploitation process in the next 25 years based on unsteady model for planned periods when mines will be productive and then closed indicates that effective infiltration amount is significantly overestimated for water table depression areas in the regions of open lignite mines. This results in large groundwater level increase (above ground level) in model forecast which needs to be corrected by decreasing the estimated effective infiltration amount to the average value for adjacent areas. This ostensible increase in effective infiltration amount in steady state model is the result of free and elastic groundwater resources detraction and not an actual effective infiltration increase (which was assumed so far for productive open mines areas by Sawicki, 2000 and Szczepiński, 2013).
4
Content available Odnawialność wód podziemnych zlewni Gwdy
PL
W artykule przedstawiono syntetyczne wyniki rozpoznań hydrogeologicznego i hydrologicznego wraz z oceną odnawialności systemu wodonośnego zlewni Gwdy o powierzchni 4947,3 km2, wykonanych w ramach udokumentowania zasobów wód podziemnych. W obszarze badań, zwykłe wody podziemne występują w utworach czwartorzędowych, paleogeńsko-neogeńskich oraz jurajskich liasu, do głębokości ok. 100–350 m. Zasilanie wód podziemnych zlewni Gwdy i pięciu rejonów wodnogospodarczych w nawiązaniu do 4 wydzielonych poziomów (warstw) wodonośnych określono w badaniach modelowych, a w badaniach hydrologicznych – w odniesieniu do zlewni cząstkowych i rejonów wodnogospodarczych. Zasilanie z infiltracji opadów według badań modelowych zgodnie z uśrednionym stanem na 2011 r. wynosi dla zlewni 11,3 m3/h•km2 (3,14 l/s•km2), a według oceny odpływu podziemnego metodami hydrologicznymi wynosi ono dla metody Wundta opartej o niżówki miesięczne 15,8 m3/h•km2 (4,38 l/s•km2), a o niżówki roczne z wielolecia – 10,3 m3/h•km2 (2,87 l/s•km2). Duża zgodność ostatniej metody hydrologicznej z modelowaniem matematycznym wynika z podobnej oceny przepływu wody w strukturach o regionalnym rozprzestrzenieniu, nie uwzględniającej odpływu w strukturach lokalnych.
EN
In this article major results of hydrogeological and hydrological researches altogether with renewal aquifer system assessment in the Gwda catchment area of 4,947.3 km2 are presented. It was studied as documented groundwater disposable resources. In the research area, the groundwater occur in Quaternary, Paleogene-Neogene and Jurassic deposits, until 100 m depth in southern part of the catchment and at 400 m depth in the northern one. The groundwater recharge of the Gwda catchment and five watermanagement regions, with reference to four separated aquifers, were calculated in model research. However in hydrological research the groundwater recharge was calculated in relation to segmented catchments and watermanagement regions. According to the model research, groundwater recharge from rainfall infiltration was calculated for the catchment, on average 11.3 m3/h•km2 (3.14 l/s•km2) for the state of 2011. According to hydrological methods underground runoff assessment is defined: on the basis of the Wundt method with month low states: 15.8 m3/h•km2 (4.38 l/s•km2) in case of year low states: 10.3 m3/h•km2 (2.87 l/s•km2). The high accordance of hydrological method and model method results from similar groundwater flow assessment in widely-spread regions hydrogeological structures, without taking into consideration the runoff in local hydrogeological structures.
5
Content available remote Evaluation of infiltration rates within the Vistula River valley, central Poland
EN
The Vistula river valley groundwater system has a strong hydraulic connectivity with the surface waters of the Vistula River. Typically, it is dominated by infiltration, and may at the same time represent a transitional system, in which lateral baseflow discharge takes place from surrounding units (e.g. plateau) to the river valley. A relatively simple mechanism of infiltration represents one of the elements of a complex water circulation system in the valley unit. The recognition of the entire recharge mechanism in a valley unit allows indicating a variable but significant role of infiltration. Evaluation of the value of infiltration on a regional scale has been made for the Vistula River valley in the Kampinoski National Park (KNP) area. Data on the spatial distribution of infiltration, averaged for a particular time interval, are indispensable e.g. for balance calculations as well as for evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to contamination. Evaluation of infiltration into the groundwater system of the KNP area was made using the following methods: meteorological and empirical methods, water table fluctuation (WTF), runoff hydrograph sub-division (BFI), and numerical simulations.
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