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The use of the forest fund in the protection of natural resources in Poland

Dyduch J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2016

nr 4

76--86

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the functioning of the Forest Fund and to evaluate its use in terms of the financial support for the protection of natural resources.

W artykule przedstawiono zasady gromadzenia i wydatkowania środków Funduszu Leśnego oraz przeanalizowano wielkość i strukturę jego dochodów i wydatków. Ze względu na sposób prezentacji danych dotyczących kierunków wydatków Funduszu Leśnego przez PGL LP i GUS trudności sprawia dokładne oszacowanie, w jakim stopniu środki Funduszu są przeznaczane na działania służące ochronie zasobów leśnych. Można jednak przyjąć, uwzględniając specyfikę i zasady prowadzenia gospodarki leśnej w PGL LP, że większość środków Funduszu Leśnego wspiera ochronę tych zasobów.

Chemizm wód potoku Dupniańskiego w Beskidzie Śląskim

Małek S., Gawęda T.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

2002

R. 99, z. 4-Ś

85--94

In order to confirm the hypothesis on the variability of water quality in the Potok Dupniański stream in the Silesia Beskid, three sampling sessions have been organized in May. July, and September of 2001. The catchment located in Southern Poland in Beskid Śląski (N 49°35', E 18°50') close to Slovakia and Czech border, has an area of 1,6787 km2. Sampling covered field conductivity and pH in 46 characteristic point of the stream (Tab. 1). The sampling points were selected during the visitation of the sight and the basic criteria of the selection were specific geomorphologic and hydrological conditions and changes in the specific composition and development phases of the tree stand. Moreover, one of the sampling points has been established on the river Olza, which is an intake of water from the stream (point of comparison). Not only the main stream was studied but also inlets and springs. On the basis of the results of tests, 20 further sampling points were selected (Tab. 1). From these points water samples were collected for lab analyzes in November 2001. The analyzes of concentrations of F, Cl, HCO3, NO3, SO4, Na NH4, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and, Zn were performed with the use of the DIONEX-DX-320 ion chromatograph. In addition, conductivity and pH were also analyzed. As a result of these studies it has been found out that the springs in this area come from the active exchange zone and are well supplied by the infiltration of rainfall and therefore their quality is largely affected by the quality of rainfall sifted through and enriched by all horizons of forest ecosystems and the soil. Springs were found as a HCO3 - SO4. It was noticed a effect of different age of spruce stands - the youngest and the older one decreasing pH reaction and conductivity., whereas in beech stands were noticed the highest value in springs and in streams passing though. Moreover, basically able shortage of nitrogenous forms Nitrogen in mild initial sections of some streams, which may be an evidence of intensive development of microorganisms in these sections. It was also found the dependence of releasing Manganese and Zinc from the decrease in pH down to 5.5 with the intensively absorbing Manganese young development phases tree stands hamper its outflow with stream water. It was noticed higher quality of water flowing out of the studied catchment than that from the river Olza, which is an intake of water from the Dupniański stream, however, an increased content of ammonium Nitrogen in the stream comes from the decomposition of matter (litter). At the same time, in the fast flowing streams with stony streambeds the process of infiltration is limited (Tab. 1, 2).