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1

Warunki techniczne jako przejaw reglamentacji wolności budowlanej

Steckiewicz Adam

Nowoczesne Hale

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2022

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Nr 1

38--40

PL

Charakter ochrony własności wyraża się poprzez zabezpieczenie praw nabytych jednostki przed nieuprawnionym działaniem organów administracji publicznej, a także podmiotami prywatnymi, przy jednoczesnej gwarancji autorealizacji i możliwie najszerszego wykorzystania własnego majątku.

2

Analysis of Possible Cases of Acquisitive Prescription of Public Properties Presented on Example of Selected Area

Trembecka Anna

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 2

73--82

EN

The main purpose of this research paper is to analyze the conditions, extent, and reasonable grounds for the acquisitive prescription of public real properties (i.e., those owned by the state treasury and local government units), taking into account the exclusion time for public properties to be subject to the possibility of prescription. The acquisitive prescription of real properties is one of the methods used to regulate the legal status and for the owner to obtain a title of ownership for the property. The analysis was carried out on the example of the city of Krakow. This allowed me to assess the causes and effects as well as the scale of the practical implementation of this legal institution. The final results of the performed research study are proposed actions that should be taken as part of the public property management process aimed at protecting ownership rights by means of stopping the course of acquisitive prescription. The results of the research studies have proven the legitimacy of introducing legal regulations limiting the possibility of the acquisitive prescription of public properties. A comparison of the reasonable grounds and dates of the acquisitive prescription of the real properties in Poland with those in force in other countries (such as the United Kingdom and Germany) was also performed.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza uwarunkowań, zakresu oraz przesłanek zasiedzenia nieruchomości stanowiących własność Skarbu Państwa oraz jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z uwzględnieniem okresu wyłączenia dopuszczalności zasiedzenia nieruchomości publicznych. Zasiedzenie nieruchomości jest jednym ze sposobów regulowania stanów prawnych i uzyskiwania tytułu własności nieruchomości przez jej posiadacza. Analizę przeprowadzono na przykładzie nieruchomości z obszaru miasta Krakowa. Pozwoliła ona na ocenę przyczyn i skutków oraz skali zastosowania w praktyce tej instytucji prawnej. Końcowym efektem badań jest propozycja działań, jakie powinny być podjęte w ramach gospodarowania mieniem publicznym w celu ochrony własności przez przerwanie biegu zasiedzenia. Wyniki badań wskazują na zasadność wprowadzenia uregulowań prawnych ograniczających możliwość zasiedzenia nieruchomości publicznych. Porównano także przesłanki i terminy zasiedzenia nieruchomości w Polsce z obowiązującymi w innych krajach, tj. w Wielkiej Brytanii i Niemczech.

3

Budowanie miasta. Ochrona dóbr kultury współczesnej na przykładzie Lublina

Landecka H.

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

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2014

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No 253

200--213

PL

Budowanie miasta jest procesem ciągłym. Przemiany dokonywane są w nowych, dotychczas niezagospodarowanych obszarach, ale także w strefach już wcześniej zabudowanych i zorganizowanych przestrzennie, w których przekształcenia wynikają z konieczności dostosowania do nowych potrzeb funkcjonalnych i standardów użytkowych. W istniejącej strukturze miasta dostrzegano dotychczas potrzebę ochrony historycznych obiektów architektonicznych lub zespołów zabudowy określanych mianem „zabytku”, jako dzieła minionej epoki, którego zachowanie leży w interesie społecznym ze względu na posiadaną wartość historyczną, artystyczną lub naukową W latach 90. XX w. środowiska naukowe architektów, urbanistów, konserwatorów zabytków zwróciły uwagę na zasadność ochrony dóbr kultury współczesnej, powstałych po II wojnie światowej. Stwierdzono, że wiele powojennych realizacji związanych z nazwiskami uznanych twórców poddawanych jest niekorzystnym przebudowom, bez poszanowania ich wartości, a część bezpowrotnie znika z przestrzeni miast. W przepisach prawnych umieszczone zostały ustalenia o konieczności uwzględniania tego typu dóbr. Budowaniu prawnego systemu ochrony dzieł współczesnej architektury i urbanistyki musi jednak towarzyszyć świadomość społeczna i odpowiedzialność zawodowa wszystkich uczestników procesu planowania przestrzennego.

EN

The post-war changes in Poland, marked by the shaping of the people’s government, and reconstruction of the country after the devastation were also significantly reflected in the development of a new architectural thinking. The concept of ownership clearly related to the „state”, „nation”, „community” determined the approach to design. Architects and city planners faced great opportunities for creative action. The destroyed historic buildings needed reconstruction, the intended long-term development plans of the city required urban planning. Most of the spatial concepts were prepared by an open architectural competitions, with the participation of many teams. An example of such selected projects in Warsaw are the following concepts: the Saxon Axis, Marszałkowska residential area, building development at the Victory Square, and the greatest of urban designs – the East-West Route (Trasa W-Z). Exhibitions and presentations of architectural projects were systematically organized in subsequent years in order to evaluate the solutions, primarily in terms of compliance with the demands of socialist realism, but also to present the architectural output. The architectural works of the period of socialism were dominated by solutions formed in the spirit of eclecticism, however, the architects also sought inspiration in the domestic forms, derived from the Polish cultural heritage and folk tradition. Examples include the complex of buildings at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University designed on the order of university authorities in 1948 by Czesław Gawdzik and Tadeusz Witkowski. The complex of clinics and units of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, distinguished within the university, presented during the Regional Architecture Exhibition in 1951 in Lublin, received positive opinions not only as a solution of great values of urban planning, but also as the design adequately referring to the tradition and regional forms in architecture. The body of the building of the clinics of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine that was opened in 1955, survived to the present day and has become an inherent part of the landscape of the city. As a result of growing awareness of conservation needs of contemporary architecture and urban planning works, called by law „contemporary cultural goods”, in 2003 the professional architects and urban planners started the discussion on the criteria which should be used when selecting objects to be protected. In addition, the team responsible for analysis, designation, selection and preparation of the directory of modern facilities and areas, the value of which would justify special solicitude for their preservation, was appointed in 2009 in Lublin. As a result of the two years of work of experts, a list of contemporary cultural goods was drawn up and provided to the President of Lublin in 2011. Unfortunately the example of Lublin shows that the work of experts is not used in practice. Only a small percentage of the area of the city is covered by local spatial development plans, and only the plans, as documents of the local law, enable the creation and introduction of the principles of protection of contemporary cultural goods. In the absence of such conditions, the cinema „Kosmos” was demolished and disappeared from the area of Lublin in 2011, the building of Gymnasium at ul. Kunickiego has been deformed, the urban layout of the Słowacki housing complex designed by Oskar Hansen has been affected by the expansion of commercial pavilions. The described in the introduction veterinary medicine building at ul. Głęboka has also been sentenced to demolition. The process of urban development, therefore in city’s spatial transformations reflect the interests of various participants in the process. Land development regulations should be the basis of those activities, therefore the districts are obliged by law to draw up planning documents. As can be seen from the statistics, however, only a small part of the Polish territory is covered by the planned development, and at the same time, in many cases the merit of the local plans does not conform to the standards. The role of the urban planner has also changed. From the position of expert and professional in matters of land development who indicates the most appropriate paths of transformation and development directions of the city, the role of the urban planner was virtually reduced to a „draughtsman”, who – as a person professionally prepared, but without the right to give opinions – must prepare the document under the dictation of investors. Until the statutory regulations are introduced, all working professionals in the field of architectural and urban design anyway bear responsibility for their decisions and original designs. In accordance with professional ethics they should be guided by the principle of seeking the solutions reflecting the value of the space not only within the „ordered task”, or the „scope of official activities” but in the context of widely understood conditions with a meaning of „public good”. With such approach, directories of goods recognized as valuable, even if they have no form of a legally binding document, could be used in the current work as a material useful in the decisions of substance. An observation made by Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski, an active architect, seems to be an appropriate summary of this idea: We must finally understand (following most European countries) that the care of architecture is not the law, not legislation, but competent and committed people who care about the city.