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Restoration possibilities of valuable natural habitats

Nicia Paweł, Bejger Romualda, Sterzyńska Maria, Zadrożny Paweł, Parzych Piotr

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2021

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Vol. 1, no. 1

37--45

EN

Restoration is a well-known and commonly used active and/or passive protection procedure that is aimed at restoring the original habitat conditions. The choice of restoration methods is closely related to the properties and conditions in a given habitat. The scope of activities carried out as part of the restoration procedure is selected in such a way so as to intervene in the natural environment as little as possible and bring the best results. Such activities are commonly considered difficult to implement and burdened with significant costs, while their usefulness is low. However, practice shows that it is possible to undertake restoration activities at low costs and with positive effects that are visible in a relatively short time. The restoration of valuable hydrogenic habitats, such as the mountain fens of the Caltho-Alnetum community in the Babia Góra massif is a great example here. The performed restoration activities proved that with minimal intervention in the environment, with the use of natural local materials or the application of extensive forms of utilisation, the condition of these habitats was improved, the degradation processes were stopped and their natural functioning was restored.

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Działania Muzeum Geologicznego Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego prowadzone w celu wykorzystania edukacyjnego i ochrony starych kamieniołomów

Krzeczyńska Monika, Wierzbowski Andrzej, Woźniak Paweł, Świło Marlena, Chećko Agnieszka

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 3

187--193

EN

The pits that left after exploitation of solid rock minerals are extremely interesting geological objects. They contain records of ancient processes that led to the exposure of rock formations, allowing the timing of these processes. The data obtained from abandoned quarries can be used for scientific studies, but it can also be applied in all activities aimed at popularizing knowledge about a biotic nature. Therefore, these localities should be under legal protection or at least secured against devastation, which often faces considerable difficulties. The Geological Museum has undertaken actions aiming at the protection of abandoned quarries, most often in the form of projects dedicated to geotourism management and creating geotourist trails. These projects are a chance to save important geosites from devastation, overgrowing by vegetation, or fading into oblivion. The article presents case studies of successfully managed old quarries, as well as failed attempts.

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The forest arborets and their activities for forest and nature education

Pietrzak-Zawadka J., Zawadka J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2018

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nr 1

121--131

EN

Over the centuries, arboreta and botanical gardens have performed a variety of functions, the most important being the collection and sharing of the various plant collections. Initially, these collections mainly included medicinal plants for the education of future physicians or pharmacists. The aim of this article is to show the significant role of these units in the forest and nature education. Conducting scientific research and making collections for educational and research purposes is carried out by botanical gardens primarily by providing access to the public to harvest in a manner that will not endanger the collection. Formal education is carried out in these units mainly through links with universities and through the organization of special educational activities (equivalent to museum lessons) for schools.

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The Effects of Environmental Features and Overstory Composition on the Understory Species Assemblage in Sub-Mediterranean Coppiced Woods : Implications for a Sustainable Forest Management

Tardella F. M., Postiglione N., Vitanzi A., Catorci A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

167--182

EN

Understanding the relationship among environmental factors, overstory and understory is a key step for the improvement of sustainable forest management. Our aim was to understand how environmental features (topographic factors) and overstory (tree species) composition affect understory (shrub and herb species) assemblage in sub-Mediterranean coppiced woods. The study area lies in the Monti Sibillini National Park (central Italy). In 205 plots (20 × 20 m) we collected topographic features and species cover values; moreover, we defined the Social Behaviour Type (SBT — i.e. species ecological and dynamic features) of each understory species. Data were analysed using Redundancy Analysis and Generalized Linear Modeling. We found that topographic factors shaped percentage cover of different tree species and hence determined forest community type. Topography-related factors were further mediated by the tree layer composition, in filtering understory assemblage, on the basis of species SBT. We found no effect of overstory species diversity on understory species diversity. However, the presence of tree species different from the dominant ones increased understory species richness. This effect was particularly notable in evergreen woods, dominated by Quercus ilex. We conclude that, to improve the management sustainability, coppicing management should be focused on the achievement of the greater tree species diversity.

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Habitat Use of Hipparchia semele (Lepidoptera) in Its Artificial Stronghold : Necessity of the Resource-Based Habitat View in Restoration of Disturbed Sites

Tropek R., Cizek O., Kadlec T., Klecka J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

385--399

EN

Post-industrial sites, including fly ash deposits, are common landscape components in many Central European regions. Their effective restoration is thus crucial because such habitats have been recognised as critical secondary refuges for many endangered and declining species. Controversially, the overwhelming majority of restoration projects consider vegetation units as the restoration target and thus ignore various habitat resources of many endangered species. Our study details habitat-use of the grayling Hipparchia semele, a European endemic xerothermophilous specialist and one of the most rapidly declining butterflies in Central Europe, inhabiting a fly ash deposit in the Kadaň region, western Czech Republic. We estimated its population to 510 males and 346 females by the capture-mark-recapture method during its whole flight period. By detailed recording of all observed specimens' behaviour, we show that this species uses resources from distinct vegetation units, such as exposed and disturbed spots, ruderal regrowths, solitary trees and shrubs, rocks and artificial concrete structures. Because the studied population can act as a source for the whole region, the grayling's ecological needs should be considered in any restoration project. Oppositely, the originally planned restoration of dry grasslands based on plant species composition of vegetation would very probably threaten one of the last two metapopulations in the whole country. Using the grayling's case, we thus warn against the vegetation-based habitat approach in restoration ecology; the resource-based habitat approach should be prioritised, especially when considering needs of the most threatened and/or umbrella species.

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Wdrażanie sieci ekologicznej Natura 2000 w Polsce

Kasprzak K.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2009

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nr 3

67-71

PL

Różnorodność biologiczna odnoszona jest nie tylko do bogactwa gatunkowego, ale także do innych poziomów organizacji przyrody, zwłaszcza genetycznego i krajobrazowego. Ochrona różnorodności biologicznej ma więc sens tylko wtedy, kiedy realizowana jest w sposób kompleksowy na całym obszarze kraju, a nie tylko na wybranych fragmentach jego powierzchni. Dlatego konieczne są działania ochronne prowadzone także poza obszarami dotychczas prawnie chronionymi.