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1

Imprints of atmospheric waves on the Black Sea surface in data of ocean color scanners

Evdoshenko Marina A.

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (3)

255--266

EN

Data from MERIS onboard Envisat and MODIS onboard Terra and Aqua for 15-16 May 2010 were used to study powerful imprints of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) on the western part the Black Sea surface. Two cold fronts crossed the sea following the warm front and caused the AGWs which modulated the sea surface. Imprints of AGWs appeared as stripes of alternating brightness, they had crest length more than a hundred kilometers and wavelength of units of kilometers. Wave amplitude of AGWs imprints, evaluated by a 90%-depth of light penetration into the sea at 490 nm z90, the value inverse to the diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd_490, was units of decimeterxs. MODIS 250-m data of remote sensing reflectance, wind components and atmospheric pressure near the sea surface were obtained by processing the top of atmosphere data with the SeaDAS software package. Negative correlations of fluctuations of z90 with fluctuations of wind stress and atmospheric pressure were found on the transects of more than ten kilometers. The impact of wind stress on the origination of AGW imprints was found to be determinant, while the impact of atmospheric pressure was not more than units of percent.

2

Detecting imprints of atmospheric waves in the Bering Sea with MODIS data

Evdoshenko M.

Oceanologia

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2016

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No. 58 (4)

264--271

EN

Satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of water leaving radiance of 859 nm with a spatial resolution of 250 m were used to investigate the impact of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which manifested as stripes in clouds and on the sea surface. On the basis of an evaluation of the characteristics of AGWs and sea depth, it was shown that the surface stripes, or surface waves (SWs) were imprints of AGWs. Crests of SWs were like prolongations of cloud stripes on the combined radiance images testifying that SWs were shifted by minus a quarter of the period relative to AGWs.

3

Zagadnienia fotoniki w badaniach wpływu materiałów okrętowych na środowisko morskie

Baszanowska E., Freda W., Otremba Z., Rudź K., Stelmaszewski A., Targowski W., Toczek H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2013

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nr 81

5--22

PL

Informacje o procesach zachodzących w toni wodnej przenoszone są w promieniowaniu elektromagnetycznym tylko w jego paśmie widzialnym. Wtrącenia substancji obcych w środowisku wodnym zaburzają naturalny transfer energii promienistej. Okrętowe materiały eksploatacyjne – głównie oleje i paliwa – w przypadku przedostania się do środowiska morskiego wpływają na modyfikację rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa oddziaływań fotonów z wodą i jej składnikami. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze pojęcia, zjawiska oraz procesy optyczne w środowisku morskim o podwyższonej zawartości substancji ropopochodnych.

EN

Information on natural processes in the water column is transmitted by electromagnetic radiation in the visual range only. Various anthropogenic, alien for marine environment, substances disturb natural transport of the radiant energy. Ship consumables as fuels and lubricants (oils) when entering the marine environment – influences probability distributions of interactions between the solar photons and water constituents. In this paper main phenomena and photonic processes in the environment polluted by oil substances are described.

4

Ocean optics in application to remote detection of an oil-in-water emulsion originating from the engine room

Otremba Z., Rudź K.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 3

349-353

EN

Relatively great number of detected and confirmed oil spillages in the Polish marine areas reveals that discharge of oil substances from any one of a large number of ships to the marine environment is real in any time. Surface oil contamination can be easily detected by satellite or airborne radar techniąues, but unfortunately oil dispersed in the bulk of water cannot be detected at the present. Discharge waters usually contain small amounts ofoil substances in the form of dispersed droplets (emulsion). It is revealed that oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. In practice, detection of changes of these properties should be possible by the standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation applied to the marine environment polluted by oil-in-water emulsion. Model of marine area consists ofwhether conditions, sun elevation, sea depth, optical properties of seawater related to various transparency/turbidity: from clean oceanic waters to turbid coastal seawater (as water from Gulf of Gdańsk is). Model of oil pollution is represented by oil droplets size distribution and by spectra of both attenuation-coefficient and refraction-coefficient related to two optically absolutely different kinds of oil. It is revealed that the values of irradiance reflectance are significantly differ for the clean sea area in relation to the polluted one, even for small amounts of engine-room origin oil pollution.

5

Phase functions of oil-in-water emulsions

Otremba Z., Piskozub J.

Optica Applicata

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2004

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Vol. 34, nr 1

93-99

EN

This paper presents the modelling of optical phase function (PF) of water polluted by dispersed oil. The shapes of PFs for various oil droplet size distributions and for two optically extremely different oil types are shown for various wavelengths from 350 to 750 nm. It is proved that changes of optical properties of oil (the complex refractive index) play minor role in PF shaping towards the impact of wavelength and size distribution. Water with oil emulsion has a PF significantly different from that of natural ocean water or harbour turbid water.