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The safety of wheelchair occupants in motor vehicles

Hryciów Zdzisław

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 97, nr 3

5--13

EN

Ensuring the free movement of disabled people, including the use of vehicles, is a fundamental right. Therefore, efforts should be made to draw up standards regulating both organisational and technical aspects related to the construction and testing of wheelchairs. The main purpose of the paper is a review the literature related to wheelchair transport safety and the current standards for wheelchair crash testing Wheelchair users must securely and safely attach their wheelchair to the vehicle when travelling. The most common methods include securing with a four-belt system or using docking systems. Docking systems allow the disabled person to restrain the wheelchair themselves. Their main limitation is the lack of standardisation. Issues related to in-vehicle wheelchair design and testing are mainly described in international ISO standards and, in the US, in ANSI standards. Not all wheelchairs are crash tested. Before using wheelchairs, it should be checked if they can be mounted in a car. An important issue is education of wheelchair users and their carers on proper wheelchair securing. Even when wheelchairs are effectively secured, occupants in wheelchairs could be seriously and fatally injured because of improperly used and positioned belt restraints.

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Numerical study on the modification effect of the seat load acting on a soldier during the blast wave derived from IED explosion

Sławiński G., Dziewulski P., Niezgoda T., Malesa P.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

465--472

EN

The structure of a vehicle located in the explosion area of an anti-vehicle mine or an IED is subject to a strong impact of a blast wave. The explosion of a mine produces a blast wave that travels in all directions at a speed greater than the speed of sound. The level of risk to the crew of a military vehicle depends on their distance from the place of detonation, on the vehicle’s design and in particular on the design of the bottom of the hull and on the assembly and type of seats. The article provides the analysis of the impact of a side explosion on the crew of an armoured vehicle. Since the new classified version of the AEP-55 document, which defines the conditions for testing the resistance of military vehicles to explosions affecting their side, is not available, it was assumed in the numerical analysis that the charge weight of the explosive device is 100 kg TNT, placed between the central vehicle axles at the distance of 400 mm from the bottom and 1,000 mm from the lower board. Two cases were analysed: one where the Hybrid III dummy was placed on the reference seat and the other where it was placed on a modified seat. The analysis is conducted using the LS-DYNA explicit code. Only the vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and the turret is modelled with mass.

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Investigation of human body exposed to blast wave derived from improvised explosive devices

Sławiński G., Dziewulski P., Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 4

287--294

EN

The analysis of contemporary military conflicts shows, that the most dangerous threat for soldiers are Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Blast resistance of military vehicles and structures is broadly discussed in many articles. However, information about human body response to impact loading is hard to find and very general. Both experi-mental trials with dummies and numerical analyses are needed. To design and develop better protection system it is necessary to identify and measure the effects of blast wave impact on crew of military vehicle. This paper presents numerical simulation results of special armoured vehicle subjected to mine threat of 8 and 10 kg of TNT. Possible effects of mine explosion on human body are described. Review of modern-mine and IED countermeasure solutions is presented. The analysis is conducted using LS-DYNA explicit code. Only vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and turret is modelled using mass. Gravity is taken into account. Numerical model of Hybrid-III dummy is used. Accelerations and forces in tibia, neck and spine were calculated. HIC-36 criterion was also evaluated Different types of possible seat configuration are examined. Results show convergence between explosive size and injury risk.