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EN
Observations of land surface deformation are one of the important tasks of surveying, especially in landslide areas. They concern the determination in time of the magnitude of the deformation, on the basis of a stable reference system based on a geodetic control points. The whole measurement process can be divided into two parts. One part concerns the observation of reference points (geodetic control points) and the other the observation of the object itself. In the first, in addition to classical methods, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) techniques based on reference stations are used. In the second, common observation methods such as laser scanning or photogrammetric methods using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are used. These observations are carried out in a specific time period in relation to the aforementioned geodetic control points. An area such as Kadzielnia in Kielce is covered by a long-term observation programme. A key element is the survey of the constancy of the geodetic control points, which are located in the epicentre of the survey. The survey of the constancy of the control points at Kadzielnia was based on a static method using SmartNet stations. Taking into account the fact that reference stations are treated as error-free reference points and that they operate 24 hours a day, it was decided to study the variability of their position over a longer period of time, as well as to determine the influence on the geodetic control points and to observe the deformation of the object during the measurement cycles.
EN
In this paper is given an information about complex geodetic research in Ukrainian Antarctic station “Academician Vernadsky”. Research were carried by Lviv polytechnic scientists, during Antarctic expeditions in years 2002 - 2005, 2013, 2014. Main objectives of the studies were: (a) study of the islands glaciers surface volumes changes in Antarctic archipelago and Antarctic Peninsula using terestrial laser scaning and digital terrestrial stereophotogrammetry survey; (b) investigation of Penola strain tectonic fault, using the results of precise GNSS observations.
EN
This research is devoted to the study of vertical movements of the European crust on the basis of two independent methods, namely tide gauge and GNSS observations results. The description and classification of factors affecting sea level change has been made. The precision with which the movement of the earth's crust according to the results of tide gauge observations can be explored has been calculated. A methodology to identify the duration of tide gauge observations required for studies of vertical movements of the earth's crust has been presented. Approximation of tide gauge time series with the help of Fourier series has been implemented, the need for long-term observations in certain areas has been explained. The diagram of the velocities of the vertical movements of the European crust on the basis of the tide gauge data and GNSS observations has been built and the anomalous areas where the observations do not coincide have been identified.
4
Content available remote Metrologia GNSS
EN
In order to study the dynamics of vertical crustal movements it was processed database with 196 stations according to the results of GNSS-observations on the permanent stations. Based on the continuous series of observations we determined the changes of absolute and regional velocity of vertical crustal movements, their spatial distribution and relationship with the tectonic structure of the region. We made the maps of regional rates of vertical crustal movements in the period since 2000-2011. It was also investigated seismic activity in Europe during this period. The accumulated research results indicate the necessity for systematic studies of the impact of various geophysical factors on the stability and permanent displacement of plants and their relation to seismic activity.
PL
W celu zbadania dynamiki pionowych ruchów skorupy ziemskiej przetworzono wyniki obserwacji GNSS z 196 stacji permanentnych. Na podstawie ciągłej serii obserwacji stwierdzono zmiany absolutnej i regionalnych prędkości pionowych ruchów skorupy ziemskiej, analizowano ich rozmieszczenie przestrzenne i zależność od tektonicznej struktury regionu. Wykonano mapy rozkładu regionalnych pionowych ruchów skorupy ziemskiej w latach 2000-2011. Badano również aktywność sejsmiczną w Europie w tym okresie. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na konieczność systematycznych badań wpływu różnych czynników geograficznych na stabilność kontynentu oraz potwierdzają związek między stałym przemieszczaniem się roślin a aktywnością sejsmiczną.
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