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Recreational activities in formal squares in Szczecin

Sochacka Eliza, Rzeszotarska-Pałka Magdalena, Kryvoruchko Olha

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2023

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T. 51

131--155

EN

Alongside formality, recreation and fostering integration are the two main features that contribute to the attractiveness of urban public space. The aim of this study is to investigate specific types of recreation activity in the most formal squares in Szczecin. In addition, this research analysed the age of users and whether recreation activity involved groups or individual users. The research covered six squares located in the core city centre and at the same time at on the main urban axes. The study is based on multiple direct observations method, as well as historical, iconographic, and field studies. Differences were observed both in the saturation and diversity of activity types in individual squares, as well as in the age of users and the way people congregate. According to the results of the study, both the location of the square and the links to public realm, as well as the elements of its equipment, are factors that influence the sociability and types of recreational activities practiced in the public space.

PL

Atrakcyjność rekreacyjna wraz z integracyjnością są, obok reprezentacyjności, podstawowymi i wymaganymi cechami miejskich przestrzeni publicznych. Celem pracy jest zbadanie występowania określonych typów aktywności rekreacyjnych na reprezentacyjnych placach Szczecina. Ponadto w ramach badań dokonano analizy struktury wiekowej użytkowników oraz sposobu realizacji aktywności (w grupach czy też indywidualnie). Badania przeprowadzono w obrębie sześciu placów zlokalizowanych w reprezentacyjnej strefie Szczecina, w jego ścisłym centrum i jednocześnie przy głównych osiach urbanistycznych miasta. W badaniu zastosowano metodę wielokrotnych obserwacji bezpośrednich oraz studia historyczne, ikonograficzne i terenowe. Zaobserwowano różnice zarówno w nasyceniu i zróżnicowaniu typów aktywności na poszczególnych placach, jak również w strukturze wiekowej użytkowników i sposobie ich gromadzenia. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż zarówno lokalizacja placu, jak i jego powiązanie z siecią przestrzeni publicznych, a także forma zagospodarowania stanowią czynniki modulujące występowanie określonych typów aktywności rekreacyjnych i wpływają na integracyjność przestrzeni publicznej.

2

Road users’ behaviour study in areas of zebra crosswalks

Dąbrowska-Loranc Maria, Sicińska Katarzyna, Zielińska Anna

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 3

185--198

EN

Pedestrian safety on crosswalks is extremely vital in Poland since 2015, when the first study on road users’ behaviour on driver–pedestrian encounters in areas of zebra crosswalks were conducted. The second study was carried out in 2018 and its results are published in this article for the first time. The results of the project helped lead to changes in pedestrians’ safety regulations in Poland, increasing the safety of pedestrians in areas of crossing. Since June, the 1st, 2021, drivers of oncoming cars approaching a zebra crossing are obliged to stop to allow pedestrians approaching from the sidewalk to cross the zebra crossing. Data to assess pedestrian safety presented in this article combine a new approach that is a combination of different diagnostic techniques: a surrogate safety measure (nonaccident-based indicators) and the traditional approach: statistical analysis. As a result of the study, the most frequent categories of interactions between drivers and pedestrians and pedestrians itself were characterized on crossing facilities. Videos recording pedestrians’ and drivers’ behaviours, and vehicle speed measurements at pedestrian crossings from 2018 allow to assess the safety of 7 000 pedestrians during behaviour observation in onsite fields: on all crossing facilities, except with light signalization, 55% of pedestrians had to stop and wait at the sidewalks to cross, before an oncoming car. Only 45% of drivers approaching not signalised zebra crossings gave way to pedestrians. Pedestrians aged 60+ entering the road on marked crossings without traffic light waited longer to cross than younger. In residential areas with high traffic volume more drivers stopped at non signalised crossings and gave way to pedestrians. At low speed of vehicle in urban areas pedestrians felt safer and were ready to enter the crossing; their behaviour was more predictable. Results showed dangerous pedestrian behaviours on signal-regulated crossing facilities who failed to obey the traffic lights (7% of red-light crossings). 8% of observed pedestrians crossed the street outside designated pedestrian crossings. Video-recorded speed measurements of over 32 000 vehicles on-site study fields of pedestrian crossings showed that the speed of vehicles was higher than permitted. This article presents the newest characteristics of traffic and pedestrian’ behavior at crossings together with measurements of pedestrians’ speed and loss of pedestrians’ time on different road cross sections in Poland in 2018.

3

Purchasing behaviour patterns : evidence from large surface stores in Romania

Papuc M., Edu T., Negricea I. C.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2014

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Vol. 10, No. 2

151--160

EN

The present paper aims to identify coordinates of the buying behaviour prior to the Easter celebration displayed by people shopping from large surface stores in Bucharest, Romania. Through a comprehensive semi-structured, disguised and direct observation performed by people based on an observation guide with 7 topics conducted in three Kaufland stores located in various parts of Bucharest, quantitative and qualitative peculiarities of the buying and consumption behaviour of 413 individuals were uncovered. The findings of this study display the product categories, types and brands chosen by shoppers in large surface stores as well as coordinates of the in-store behaviour, rendering a detailed image of the conclusions prompted by the buying decision-making process with tremendous significance for the retail sector in Romania.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu określenie współrzędnych zachowań zakupowych przed Świętami Wielkanocnymi przejawianych przez ludzi robiących zakupy w sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych w Bukareszcie w Rumunii. Poprzez obszerną semistrukturalną, z ukrycia i bezpośrednią obserwację wykonaną przez ludzi na podstawie przewodnika obserwacji z 7 tematami, przeprowadzoną w trzech sklepach Kaufland zlokalizowanych w różnych częściach Bukaresztu, zostały wykryte ilościowe i jakościowe osobliwości zachowania zakupowego i konsumpcyjnego 413 osób. Wnioski z niniejszego badania wskazują kategorie produktów, rodzaje i marki wybrane przez kupujących w sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych, jak również współrzędne zachowania w sklepie, czyniąc szczegółowy obraz wniosków wyłonionych w procesie podejmowania decyzji zakupu, które mają ogromne znaczenie dla sektora detalicznego w Rumunii.

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Social relationship in a bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) population : video monitoring under field conditions

Łopucki R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

543-558

EN

Social behaviour of the bank vole was video recorded during direct encounters between individuals under natural conditions. The apparatus consisted of miniature video cameras, a system of image processing and recording, and infrared emitters. This device enabled continuous 24-h observations at several sites simultaneously. The study was conducted in an alder swamp Ribonigri-Alnetum located in the Kampinos National Park, central Poland (52 [degrees] 20'N, 20 [degrees] 25'E). Observations were made in the late summers of 2002 and 2003 at six independent baited sites for 10 days and nights per each site. Rodents visiting the sites were individually marked by fur clipping. In sum, 13 053 visits to the sites and 1868 encounters between two marked individuals of C. glareolus were video recorded during 1440 hours of observation. It has been found that under natural conditions, bank voles most often avoided each other (55% of the encounters). In the case of close contacts they were aggressive (30%), rarely tolerant (7%), and during the remaining encounters they showed a mixed behaviour. The voles met mainly in the night (94% of the encounters) despite of 25% of their daily activity ran during the day. The frequency and character of encounters depended on the sex, age, and the origin of individuals. Encounters between males were more aggressive than between females (P <0.01). In encounters between opposite sexes, males were dominants (P <0.001). Individuals with a larger body mass were dominant in access to food (P <0.000). Cases of the dominance of juveniles over adults were interpreted as a result of the site of their origin. Social relations between individuals were characterised by persistence and repeatability in time. The results are compared with the literature describing experiments with animals kept in the laboratory or in enclosures, and field observations based on trapping techniques and telemetry.