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1
Content available Nonadaptive estimation of the rotor speed in an adaptive full order observer of induction machine
Morawiec M., Kroplewski P.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2020
|
Vol. 68, nr 5
973–-981
EN
The article proposes a new method of reproducing the angular speed of the rotor of a cage induction machine designed for speed observers based on the adaptive method. In the proposed solution, the value of the angular speed of the rotor is not determined by the classical law of adaptation using the integrator only by an algebraic relationship. Theoretical considerations were confirmed by simulation and experimental tests.
2
Content available Introduction to the Special Section on Intelligent Fault Monitoring and Fault–Tolerant Control in Power Electronics, Drives and Renewable Energy Systems
Malinowski Mariusz, Levi Emil, Orlowska-Kowalska Teresa
Power Electronics and Drives
|
2019
|
Vol. 4 (39)
163--165
EN
This article constitutes an introductory part of the special section on Intelligent Fault Monitoring and Fault-Tolerant Control in Power Electronics, Drives and Renewable Energy Systems. In the current issue of the journal, the first part of this section is published. Accepted articles are focussed mainly on the sensor-fault diagnosis methods for T-type inverter-fed dual- three phase PMSM drives, partial demagnetization, faults of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and online open phase fault detection (FD) in the sensorless five-phase induction motor drive implemented with an inverter output LC filter and third harmonic injection. Also, neural networks (NN) application in the detection of stator and rotor electrical faults of induction motors has been proposed in one of the papers, and the observer-based FD concept for unknown systems using input–output measurements was applied to a brushless direct current motor drive with unknown parameters.
3
Content available Determining the observer parameters for back EMF estimation for selected types of electrical motors
Urbanski K.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2017
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Vol. 65, nr 4
439--447
EN
In the paper a procedure for determining the observer parameters for selected types of electrical motors is discussed. The procedure is based on the identity observer developed by Luenberger. The paper presents determining the parameters using calculation examples for the DC motor and also for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which utilize the extended state vector to estimate the back electromotive force (BEMF). Presented observer for PMSM does not need to use the information about load torque. The main task of this study is to show how to utilize these general theory to a specified type of motors. Such procedure avoids the use of time-consuming methods of the parameters selection, which are based on random algorithms or the computational intelligence.
4
Content available A new sensorless speed control structure for PMSM using reference model
Urbanski K.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2017
|
Vol. 65, nr 4
489--496
EN
In the paper a new sensorless control structure for the PMSM drive is presented. Such a structure is especially recommended for speed in the range of single revolutions per second (excluding standstill). The method uses a back EMF observer for position estimation. However, there is no need to estimate the speed. This is a big advantage because of possible irregularity of estimated back EMF in this speed range, which makes the calculation of speed difficult or impossible. The proposed structure is similar to the model following control, but the reference model attempts to track the motor operating point. The main idea is to utilize as a reference a model of the whole drive, including speed and current controllers and motor model. Such a model produces reference voltage for the real inverter. However, an extra unit – called rotator – is needed to provide precise control of direct axis current, which is sensitive to the improper position of the voltage vector. The rotator acts as a kind of compensator for error of position estimation.
5
Content available remote Particle Filter Approach for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor State Estimation
Janiszewski D.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2014
|
R. 90, nr 6
56--60
EN
The paper describes an observer for a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Particle Filter techniques. Based on introduced theory an observer of shaft position, speed and load torque is proposed. Preliminary research show good properties of proposed estimation structure.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono obserwację zmiennych stanu silnika synchronicznego o magnesach trwałych przy wykorzystaniu techniki filtracji cząsteczek. W oparciu o przedstawioną teorię zaproponowano obserwator położenia wału, prędkości i momentu obciążenia części mechanicznej napędu. Początkowe badania symulacyjne pokazują dobre właściwości zaproponowanej struktury estymacji.
6
Content available Porównanie metod estymacji zmiennych stanu w układzie kaskadowym dwóch zbiorników
Tomera M., Pozorski K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
|
2012
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Nr 31
131-138
PL
W pracy przedstawiona została analiza porównawcza dokonana pomiędzy trzema obserwatorami stanu: obserwatorem liniowym Luengergera oraz dwoma filtrami Kalmana: liniowym i rozszerzonym (EKF - Extended Kalman Filter) opierająca się ocenie dokładności estymacji zmiennych stanu. Analizowany obiekt w którym estymowane są zmienne stanu, składa się z dwóch zbiorników zawieszonych kaskadowo. Rozpatrzony został przypadek w którym pomiar poziomu wody odbywa się tylko w dolnym zbiorniku, natomiast informacja o poziomie wody w górnym zbiorniku uzyskiwana jest w wyniku estymacji. Analizowane obserwatory wykorzystane zostały w układzie sterowania poziomem wody w dolnym zbiorniku przy użyciu regulatora stanu, który wymaga znajomości poziomu wody w obydwu zbiornikach. Dodatkowo dokonano porównania jakości sterowania układów regulacji z wykorzystaniem regulatora stanu w konfiguracji z wyżej wymienionymi obserwatorami oraz z użyciem regulatora PID, który wykorzystuje tylko pomiar poziomu wody w dolnym zbiorniku i nie potrzebuje obserwatora. Wstępnie przeprowadzone zostały badania symulacyjne z wykorzystaniem środowiska obliczeniowego MATLAB/Simulink. Badania docelowe wykonane zostały w układzie rzeczywistym, gdzie zaprojektowane obserwatory wraz z regulatorami zaprogramowane zostały w mikrokontrolerze sygnałowym TMS320F28335, wykorzystanym do automatycznego sterowania poziomem wody w zbiorniku dolnym.
EN
The paper presents the comparative analysis made between the linear observer and two linear Kalman filters: linear and extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is based assessment of the accuracy of estimation of state variables. The analyzed object in the estimated state variables are composed of two cascaded tanks suspended. Was examined in a case in which the measurement of the water level takes place only in the botom tank, and information about the water level in the top tank is obtained by the estimation. Observers analyzed were used in the control water level in the lower tank with the control condition, which requires the knowledge of the water level in both tanks. In addition, a comparison of the quality control using the control systems of the controller with the above configuration, observers, and using the PID controller, which uses only the measurement of the water level in the bottom tank, and does not require the observer. Pre-simulation study was carried out using the computational environment MATLAB/Simulink. The research targets were made in a real time system, where the observers designed with controls are programmed in a digital signal processor TMS320F28335, deployed to automatically control the water level in the bottom tank.
7
Content available Gain-scheduled state-feedback control for active cancellation of multisine disturbances with time-varying frequencies
Heins W., Ballesteros P., Bohn C.
Mechanics and Control
|
2011
|
Vol. 30, no. 3
127-137
EN
The paper presents a discrete-time LTV controller for the rejection of harmonic disturbances with time-verying based on a state-augmented observer-based state-feedback controller with a time-verying internal model and a scheduled state-feed back gain. The control design method is based on quadratic stability for LPV systems. The design is carried out in discrete time and the controller can easily be implemented on real-time hardware.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono dyskretny regulator LTV do eliminacji składowych harmonicznych zakłóceń. Wprowadzony regulator bazuje na sprzężeniu od zmiennych stanu z zależnym od czasu wewnętrznym modelem. Konstrukcja regulatora wykorzystuje własności stabilności układów LPV. Regulator został opisany równaniami dyskretnymi i może być łatwo zaimplementowany w układach czasu rzeczywistego.
8
Content available Active fault-tolerant control design for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems
Dziekan L., Witczak M., Korbicz J.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2011
|
Vol. 59, nr 1
93-102
EN
In this paper, a virtual actuator-based active fault-tolerant control strategy is presented. After a short introduction to Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems, it is shown how to design a fault-tolerant control strategy for this particular class of non-linear systems. The key contribution of the proposed approach is an integrated fault-tolerant control design procedure of fault identification and control within an integrated fault-tolerant control scheme. In particular, fault identification is implemented with the suitable state observer. While, the controller is implemented in such a way that the state of the (possibly faulty) system tracks the state of a fault-free reference model. Consequently, the fault-tolerant control stabilizes the possibly faulty system taking into account the input constraints and some control objective function. Finally, the last part of the paper shows a comprehensive case study regarding the application of the proposed strategy to fault-tolerant control of a twin-rotor system.
9
Parity equations-based unknown input estimator for multiple-input multiple-output linear systems
Sumisławska M., Larkowski T., Burnham K. J.
Systems Science
|
2010
|
Vol. 36, no 3
49-59
EN
This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of unknown input estimation of multiple-input multiple-output systems. In the setup considered the measured output signals are affected by white zero-mean Gaussian measurement noise. The observer developed here is based on the parity equations concept and the Lagrange multiplier method is used to obtain an analytical solution for the filter parameters, hence minimising the unwanted effect of the noise. The paper extends the concept of the parity equation based unknown input observer approach, which has been previously developed by the authors for the case of single-input single-output systems. A simulation study is carried out, which illustrates a potential application of the proposed approach to a steel rolling mill for the purpose of improving the control performance.
10
Projektowanie odpornych obserwatorów stanu dla dyskretnych w czasie systemów nieliniowych
Witczak M.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2005
|
R. 51, nr 9 bis
60--62
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest projektowanie obserwatorów stanu dla dyskretnych w czasie systemów nieliniowych. W szczególności, stosując metodę Lapunowa wyznacza się warunek zbieżności obserwatora. Bazując na otrzymanych rezultatach proponuje się procedurę projektowania obserwatora, a następnie przedstawia się jej programową implementację w środowisku MATLAB®. W pracy pokazuje się również jak zastosować powyższe rozwiązania do projektowania odpornych obserwatorów stanu o nieznanym wejściu.
EN
The paper deals with the problem of designing observers for discrete-time non-linear systems. In particular, with the use of the Lyapunov method, the convergence criterion of the observer is developed. Based on the achieved results a design procedure is proposed and implemented with the MATLAB® programming environment. The paper also shows how to use the above approach to design robust unknown input observers.
11
Content available Observer-based fault detection in dynamical systems - part I
Twardy M., Kaczorek T.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2004
|
R. 50, nr 7-8
5-11
EN
The paper is the first part of a survey of observer based fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods. Considerable part of the material is standard control theory, especially observers theory. It is presented for future reference. The paper briefly covers the basic ideas and concepts underlying much of the model-based FDI. A general introduction to FDI is given. General idea of model based FDI methods is presented. The issue of FDI robustness is mentioned and a short historical background of FDI is given. The basic concepts of observers, the observability and detectability of LTI systems, Luenberger observer and unknown input observer (UIO), are considered. Some selected results from the theory of UIOs and design procedure for UIO are presented. Finally, a short introduction to singular systems is given and observers for these systems are considered. Further results concerning observer-based FDI will be presented in the next paper.
PL
Artykuł jest pierwszą częścią przeglądowej pracy na temat użycia obserwatorów do wykrywania i izolacji uszkodzeń (ang. FDI). Część materiału stanowią znane wyniki z teorii sterowania, zwłaszcza z teorii obserwatorów, na które powołujemy sie w dalszej części pracy. Artykuł zwięźle prezentuje podstawowe idee i pojęcia opartych na modelu metod wykrywania i izolacji uszkodzeń. Zawiera ogólne wprowadzenie do FDI. Zaprezentowano ogólną ideę metod FDI opartych na modelu. Poruszono również kwestię odporności metod FDI jak również zamieszczono krótki rys historyczny rozwoju tych metod. Rozpatrzono podstawowe pojęcia dotyczące obserwatorów, obserwowalności i wykrywalności liniowych układów stacjonarnych, obserwator Luenbergera oraz obserwatory o nieznanym wejściu. Podano również zwięzłe wprowadzenie w tematykę układów syngularnych obserwatorów dla tych układów. Dalsze wyniki dotyczące opartych na modelu metod wykrywania i izolacji uszkodzeń będą zaprezentowane w części drugiej tej pracy.
12
Content available Observer-based fault detection in dynamical systems - part II
Twardy M., Kaczorek T.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2004
|
R. 50, nr 7-8
11-14
EN
The paper is the second part of a survey of observer-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods. Observer-based FDI schemes are presented, both for standard and singular systems. The applications of unknown input observer (UIO) as well perfect observers to FDI are shown. Basic ideas and concepts underlying much of the model-based FDI, as well as a general introduction to FDI have been given in the first part of this survey.
PL
Artykuł jest drugą częścią przeglądowej pracy nt. użycia obserwatorów do wykrywania uszkodzeń izolacji (FDI) w układach dynamicznych. Zaprezentowano schematy wykrywania i izolacji uszkodzeń przy użyciu obserwatorów zarówno dla układów standardowych jak i singularnych. Przedstawiono zastosowanie obserwatorów o nieznanym wejściu jak również obserwatorów doskonałych dla celów FDI. Podstawowe idee i pojęcia metod FDI opartych na modelu, jak również ogólne wprowadzenie w tematykę FDI zawiera pierwsza część pracy.
13
Content available Minimal order deadbeat functional observers for singular 2D linear systems
Kaczorek T.
Control and Cybernetics
|
2003
|
Vol. 32, no 2
301-311
EN
Sufficient conditions for the existence of minimal order deadbeat functional observers for singular 2D linear systems described by the general singular 2D model are established. A procedure for computing matrices of the functional observers is given and illustrated by numerical example.
14
Application of the H-infinite control for multi-states conformational transition of calcium ion selective gating channels on excitable cellular membranes
Hirayama H.
Systems Science
|
2002
|
Vol. 28, nr 1
107-34
EN
We introduced H infinite control theory for evaluating the noise filtering functions of biological membranes. Calcium ion selective gating channel on excitable cellular membranes was described by four subunits allosteric modeling. The modeling was characterized by cooperative positional changes of an intrinsic voltage sensitive molecule in each of the subunits and concerted conformational changes of all the subunits. We applied the H-infinite control strategy for minimizing the influence of noises as the worst disturbances on the filtering function of the calcium channel. The allosteric cooperative positioning of the S4 and concerted actions of the subunits were approximated by powers of non-dimensional parameter F/sup n/. The temporal changes in amounts of calcium channel states were described by ten differential equations. We induced the corresponding differential equations for observers and accompanied Riccati equations. The transient changes in amounts per unit membrane area of calcium ion channel species were almost parallel. Those of the observers were a variety of patterns. The change in amount of control input for the concerted opening was the smallest while those for inter open states transitions were the largest. The computed temporal changes in the worst disturbances and the worst noises showed characteristic time courses for individual channel species and observers.
15
Content available remote A Numerical Algorithm for Filtering and State Observation
Ibrir S.
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
|
1999
|
Vol. 9, no 4
855-869
EN
This paper deals with a numerical method for data fitting and estimation of continuous higher-order derivatives of a given signal from its non-exactsampled data. The proposed algorithm is a generalization of the algorithm proposed by Reinsch (1967). This algorithm is conceived as a key element in the structure of the numerical observer discussed in our recent papers. Satisfactory results are obtained which prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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