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Projekt ultraszybkich układów LVDS w technologii nanometrycznej dla potrzeb obrazowania w medycynie

Kmon P., Satława T.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 5

106--109

PL

W pracy przedstawiono projekt oraz wyniki symulacji ultraszybkich układów LVDS w technologii nanometrycznej dla potrzeb obrazowania w medycynie. Projekt dotyczy układów nadajnika oraz odbiornika i został wykonany w nowoczesnej technologii CMOS 40nm. Głównymi wymaganiami prezentowanej pracy był mały pobór mocy zarówno statycznej jak i dynamicznej oraz mała zajętość powierzchni układów. Blok nadajnika oparty jest o architekturę przełączanego mostka prądowego zaś głównym elementem odbiornika jest konwerter poziomów logicznych i komparator z histerezą. Układ odbiorczy pobiera 7.08 mW mocy statycznej i 12.09 mW mocy dynamicznej zaś układ nadawczy 17.93 mW mocy statycznej i 26.38 mW mocy dynamicznej. Wyniki symulacji pokazują poprawną pracę układów przy prędkości transmisji 1 Gb/s i obciążeniu nadajnika pojemnością 5 pF. Układ odbiorczy zajmuje powierzchnię 0.009 mm2 zaś nadawczy 0.1 mm2.

EN

The paper presents the design and simulation results of ultrafast I/O interface in nanometer process. Both, the receiver and the transmitter are designed in CMOS 40nm process and are dedicated to work with a multichannel pixel integrated circuit that is destined for medical imaging systems. The main requirements of a project are a low power consumption and small area occupation of the LVDS circuits. The transmitter is based on the current switching bridge while the receiver is built of the logic converter and inverting comparator with hysteresis. The receiver block dissipates 7.08 mW of static power and 12.09 mW of dynamic power while the transmitter dissipates 17.93 mW of static power and 26.38 mW of dynamic power at 1 GHz signal and 5pF load. The receiver and transmitter occupy respectively 0.009 mm2 and 0.1 mm2 of chip area.

2

Synthesis of parametric images in the medical active thermography

Rumiński J., Kaczmarek M.

Image Processing & Communications

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2002

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Vol. 8, no 1

45-53

EN

A new method of parametric images synthesis for active, pulse thermography is presented. Based on experimental results the thermal model of the observed object is proposed. Thermal model validation results on thermal transients basing on the FEM studies are presented. Examples of parametric images are presented and described for phantoms and for in-vivo measurements. Possible applications are discussed.

3

Feasibility of motion estimation and tracking in portal images during treatment of pulmonary cancers by conformal radiotherapy

Orkisz M., Frery A., Durning B., Chapet O., Magnin I.

Image Processing & Communications

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2001

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Vol. 7, no 3-4

63-76

EN

Medical objective of this work is to compensate tumor's displacements due to free breathing, so as to reduce the irradiated zone and thus preserve healthy tissues. For this purpose, we are studying the feasibility of tracking the tumor's motion in portal images, i.e. in images generated by the treatment beam (high-energy X-rays). Two reference algorithms were tested on sequences of portal images of a phantom and of patients. Target tracking algorithm (block-matching), was able to correctly track the target only when the tumor was perceptible in the images. Otherwise it would require implanting of radioopaque markers in tumor's vicinity. Optical flow estimation was expected to deduce "invisible" tumor's displacements from the motion of neighboring tissues. However, the standard Horn & Schunck's algorithm gave poor results because of low contrast and absence of texture in the images. We are suggesting a modified version of this approach, based on intersections of motion constraint lines for a limited number of pixels carrying reliable and complementary motion information.

4

Computer techniques of image enhancement and their application in visualization of anatomic structures during preliminary analysis of medical images

Ogiela M.

Image Processing & Communications

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1999

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Vol. 5, no 1

33-44

EN

The article presents the group of transformations which medical pictures can be subjected to, in the aim of enhancing of their contrast and better distinguishing and diagnosis of organs shown in this pictures. In this work, the analysis was based on images acquired by various techniques, such as roentgenography (RTG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), classic computer tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (USG). Contrast expansion in these images was performed using the histogram method of balancing of gray levels and the method based on the modification of tonal curve. Such transformations were necessary during preliminary processing of these images, especially to adjust their quality to next steps of the analysis in case of automatic medical diagnosis, and also to enable their visual evaluation by specialists and diagnostic interpretation of images of organs and their structural features. The studies show that the method based on the modification of tonal curve yields better results in case of images acquired by roentgenography and magnetic resonance imaging. On the other hand, histogram method is more suitable for contrast expansion in CT and USG images.