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1

CNC machine control using deep reinforcement learning

Kalandyk Dawid, Kwiatkowski Bogdan, Mazur Damian

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 3

art. no. e148940

EN

Optimization of industrial processes such as manufacturing or processing of specific materials constitutes a point of interest for many researchers, and its application can lead not only to speeding up the processes in question, but also to reducing the energy cost incurred during them. This article presents a novel approach to optimizing the spindle motion of a computer numeric control (CNC) machine. The proposed solution is to use deep learning with reinforcement to map the performance of the reference points realization optimization (RPRO) algorithm used in the industry. A detailed study was conducted to see how well the proposed method performs the targeted task. In addition, the influence of a number of different factors and hyperparameters of the learning process on the performance of the trained agent was investigated. The proposed solution achieved very good results, not only satisfactorily replicating the performance of the benchmark algorithm, but also speeding up the machining process and providing significantly higher accuracy.

2

The impact of 3D printing assumptions and CNC machining conditions on the mechanical parameters of the selected PET material

Krawulski P., Dyl T.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 1

36--41

EN

Purpose: This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the technology of additive shaping and multi-axis CNC machining. The authors examine the impact of 3D printing assumptions and CNC machining conditions on the strength of the selected PET material used to produce machine elements on the example of a shaft-type element. The purpose of the study is to identify a better production method. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out by producing six samples of different diameters and lengths from the same thermoplastic material (ethylene terephthalate) by both 3D printing (FDM) and CNC machining. The resulting samples were subjected to a static compression test, for which a universal testing machine by Zwick & Roell 100 kN was used. The following factors during the production of elements were compared: the difficulty of preparing the project, the time of execution, the cost of execution, the accuracy of the execution and the properties of the elements made. Findings: Elements made by CNC machining have higher compressive strength and yield strength, as well as lower relative expansion and relative shortening. Those produced by CNC machining are created as a monolith (semi-finished product), and the printed elements are incrementally shaped layer by layer. During the strength test, the spaces between the layers decrease, which in turn causes an increase in relative shortening and a decrease in strength properties. Research limitations/implications: Further research is planned on the analysis of manufacturing technology using incremental shaping technology (e.g. change of filling density, change of filling type, change of material) compared to CNC machining. Practical implications: In the conducted tests, a universal method was used, which can be translated into a comparative study of elements made of other materials. Originality/value: The research carried out allowed for the initial assessment of the use of PET material for the production of machine elements through 3D printing and CNC machining.

3

Investigation of non-imaging Fresnel lens prototyping with different manufacturing methods for solar energy application

Sexton Ai Jiang, Qandil Hassan, Abdallah Mohammad, Zhao Weihuan

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 5, No 2

113--122

EN

Non-imaging Fresnel lenses have been playing an important role in improving the efficiency of the solar energy systems. Many researchers have been developing novel designs of Fresnel lenses to enhance the concentrator performance. To bring the complex design of a Fresnel lens from a conceptual theory to a real-life application while maintaining its efficiency, it is critical to find the optimum manufacturing method that achieves the best quality fabrication at low cost in the lab scale. This work will systematically investigate four advanced manufacturing methods for their lens-making capabilities, including pressure casting, hot embossing, 3D printing, and CNC machining. Six Fresnel lenses were fabricated by the four methods, which were tested in the lab by a solar simulator and a solar cell to demonstrate their performances. The CNC machining provides the best quality lab-scale Fresnel lens that enhances the solar cell efficiency by 118.3%. 3D printing and hot embossing methods are also promising for the fabrication of good performance lenses – increasing the solar cell efficiency by 40-70%. However, the 3D printed lens has the issue of material degradation on the long term. Although the pressure casting is the easiest manufacturing method, the performance of fabricated lens was the lowest.

4

Operator centrum obróbkowego CNC - ocena ryzyka zawodowego

Romanowska-Słomka I.

Promotor BHP

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2017

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nr 3

15--16

PL

Zagrożenia wynikające z pracy na obrabiarkach CNC zależą od typu obrabiarki, stosowanych narzędzi, a także obrabianych materiałów. W niniejszym opracowaniu autorka przedstawi ocenę ryzyka dla operatora centrum obróbkowego CNC.

5

Zastosowanie programowania parametrycznego w planowaniu operacji obróbki elementów o powtarzalnej geometrii

Bocheński T., Deja M., Eremus J., Siemiątkowski M.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 10

1510--1511

PL

Porównywano zastosowania dostępnych technik programowania obróbki numerycznej przedmiotów o powtarzających się elementach konstrukcji. Analizowano możliwości stosowania programowania parametrycznego w trybie programowania zorientowanego warsztatowo oraz pracy w środowisku systemu klasy CAM. Zwrócono uwagę na przejrzystość tworzonego programu w aspekcie możliwości jego edycji i korekty składni, formy zapisu programu w pamięci obrabiarki oraz czasochłonność realizacji przykładowej operacji obróbki.

EN

The application of available methods to NC programming for parts with replicate geometrical elements is comparatively analysed. The possibility for the use of parametric programming both in workshop operation mode and in the environment of CAM system were presented. The capability of editing generated program and syntax correction, the form of its input into machine memory as well as exemplary part program execution time are studied.

6

Production of castings by patternless process

Pastirčák R., Urgela D., Krivoš E.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 12, iss. 1

87-92

EN

This paper deals with production of safety inlay for steam locomotive valve by the Patternless Process method. For the moulds creation was used moulding mixtures of II. generation, whereas binder was used a water glass. CNC miller was used for creation of mould cavity. Core was created also by milling into block made of moulding compound. In this article will be presented also making of 3D model, setting of milling tool paths and parameters for milling.

7

High precision machining on high speed machines

Kopač J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 24, nr 1

405-412

EN

Purpose: Modern Machines for precision products for three dimensional machining have by milling over 20.000 rpm. Differences between hard and soft machining have influences on concept of machines. Stiffness and rigidity are characteristics and variables which caused the precision and quality of machined part. Design/methodology/approach: This paper introduce some of interesting modern machine tools with different concept as DCG (Drive in Centre of Gravity - Mori Seiki), LAF (Look Ahead Function on Machine - Sodick), high speed 20.000 - 60.000 rpm, linear drive, etc. The way from idea to machined part will be shown. Findings: To achieve high precision it is necessary to fill out many request function on machine. Results on machined part depend also from machined material (hardness, structure, size of crystals). Research limitations/implications: Engineers job is to prepare the optimal CNC (PNC) program on connection of CAD - CAM software's. After all mentioned factor test work piece is machined and measured. Originality/value: Comparison between results data on plan and measurement shows us the reality and give us decision around high precision product.