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On principles and objectivity

Baatz Wolfgang

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2019

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Nr 8

9--14

EN

The character of conservation has changed since the idea of preserving the physical remnants of history became important. Principles derived from this beginning and later on form the basis of what conservation ethics intend today. These principles were never rigid though - yet when it comes to conflict they should be transparent and precise in order to avoid the impression of arbitrariness. Developments continue, and the question where the power of decision should lie is more and more being discussed.

2

Exploring relative instances of exposure in equilibrium of migration processes based on population characteristics

Pitlik L., Kollár P., Fülöp Z., Madarász I.

Managerial Economics

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2017

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Vol. 18, no. 2

183--199

EN

Cybernetic states of law try to plan each activity – especially migration issues. The planning process has the following question originating in socio-cybernetics in its core: Where can it be assumed that the population characteristics are higher/lower than rational? The planning levels can be different: from the continent or country levels via statistic regions or micro-regions to settlements (even at the street and house levels). Parallel to the aggregation like population density (or annual growth rate), models can also be developed for arbitrary layers of demographical statistics, like the required ratio of males and females in different age-groups and/or education categories, etc. The models can analyze time-periods (e.g., years, time intervals) to ensure that dynamic processes will not actually be covered through static evaluation. The necessary data asset (a kind of Big Data) is given by OECD/ EUROSTAT, for example The questions and data assets are well-known. The modeling methodology consists of potential know-how: through estimations of staircase functions in the framework of online similarity analyses, regional norm values can be derived for targeted population characteristics. Therefore, the European strategy concerning the integration of massive volumes of migrants can be supported in an objective way. Analogue analyses with the same methodology have already been derived for parts of Germany and Hungary. Similarity analysis is an artificial intelligence-based approach with its own consistence-oriented quality assurance layers. The data-driven policy creation needs methodologies where objectivity is provided through optimization in the modeling based on arbitrary phenomena. The modeling philosophy should try to ensure a kind of regional multi-layered equilibrium (sustainability, cf. Kazohinia). The outlined methodology can be seen as a sort of automated SWOT analysis where each conclusion will be derived from the raw statistics in a direct way – without the risk of human subjectivity intervening in the process. The modeling spectrum consists of three levels: (1) Explorative modeling is able to derive basic characteristics for ceteris paribus perspectives through the complex functions. The standard analytical potential works with ceteris paribus parameters, based on the appropriate literature sources. (2) Antidiscriminative modeling is capable of deriving ranks for objects without an actual learning pattern, for the so-called production functions. (3) A cybernetic state of law should be able to have robot-planning values supporting human decision processes. Therefore, 'freedom of press' is basically the capability to explore and publish objective force fields and not to catalyze the spread of subjective evaluations.

3

The problem of objective ranking: foundations, approaches and applications

Wierzbicki A. P.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2008

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nr 3

15-23

EN

The paper starts with the discussion of the issue of objectivity versus subjectivity, stressing that while an absolute objectivity is not attainable, nevertheless trying to be as objective as possible constitutes a higher value, necessary for hard science and technology. Dangers and errors of the subjectivist reduction of objectivity to power and money attempted by the postmodern sociology of science are discussed. Then we turn to the problem of subjective versus objective decision analysis and ranking. It is shown that while all classical decision theory aims at a rational analysis and support of subjective decisions, there are important application cases, particularly in managerial problems, when the decision maker prefers to avoid specifying her/his preferences and needs decision analysis - e.g., ranking of decision options - that is as objective as possible. An approach to decision support that might be easily adapted for such objective ranking is the reference point methodology; its application is shown on examples. One of these examples is actually not an application of the methodology, but a real life problem that motivated the development of objective ranking. The examples illustrate that objective ranking might be important for management, including also management of telecommunication networks.

4

Obiektywizacja procesu monitorowania inwestycji technikami geodezji przemysłowej

Kwiatkowski L., Kabza Z., Jakubiec M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

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2002

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Vol. 280, z. 51

441-447

PL

Konieczność stałego weryfikowania topologii dla kolejnych etapów trybu przygotowania i realizacji inwestycji wymaga zastosowania technik zaawansowanej geodezji przemysłowej, zaś udostępnienie przetwarzanej wiedzy stworzenia przyjaznego środowiska informatycznego oferującego efektywne i przystępne raportowanie przetwarzanej wiedzy. Jedynie nowoczesny podmiot geodezyjny łączy permanentne uczestnictwo w realizacji z obiektywnym tj. potwierdzonym pomiarami postrzeganiem topologii wszystkich obiektów. Artykuł prezentuje bogate doświadczenia zespołu autorskiego zdobyte przy realizacji kolejnych zadań modernizacyjno-inwestycyjnych dla energetyki i podkreśla kluczową rolę Zespołu Inżyniera Kontraktu kompletnie przewartościowującą pozycję podmiotu geodezyjnego koncentrującego się na udostępnianiu integrowanej wiedzy.

EN

Necessity to constantly verify topology with regard to successive stages of preparation and execution of an investment requires application of advanced industrial geodesy. Furthermore, creation of user- friendly software environment is indispensable to make processed data available. Only an modern geodetic entity combines permanent participation in execution and objective perception (confirmed by measurements) of all objects topology. The paper presents broad experience of authors' team, gained during the realization of modernization and investment tasks. The work also underlines the great importance of Zespoł Inżyniera Kontraktu that contributes to the weakness of geodetic entity concentrating only on making the integrated knowledge available.