We adapt the alias type technology to dealwith primitives supporting environment-awareness (that is, the ability to adapt the behavior of an object according to the capabilities of the environment). In particular, we propose a type and effect system for an imperative object-based calculus with a primitive for discriminating the presence or absence of the object’s attributes. Both the shape of the environment which guarantees the correct execution of expressions and the effect of expression evaluation on the environment are specified via suitable aliasing constraints.
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Process types statically ensure the acceptability of all messages sent to an object even if the set of acceptable messages changes dynamically. As proposed so far, process types do not ensure the return of answers; deadlocks may prevent objects from behaving as expected. In this article we propose an object calculus with types distinguishing between obligatory messages (that must be sent, for example, as answer to a question) and optional messages (that can, but need not be sent). A type checker enforces the sending of obligatory messages and ensures that obligatory messages are not suppressed by deadlocks. The proposed type concept supports subtyping.
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