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The Effect of Undercut Anchor Diameter on the Rock Failure Cone Area in Pullout Tests

Jonak Józef, Karpiński Robert, Wójcik Andrzej, Siegmund Michał

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2022

Vol. 16, no 5

261–270

The numerical analysis was conducted using the FEM ABAQUS software to establish the impact of various undercut anchor diameters on the rock breakout cone formation. The central focus of the investigations was on the rock breakout prism, which tends to be approximated to a cone or a quadrilateral pyramid, including its characteristic parameter, the angle of failure cone . Assuming that the embedment depth and the undercut anchor head angle were constant for the considered range of anchor head diameters, it remains unclear, however, precisely how the anchor head diameter affects the value of the failure cone angle, and thus the surface area of the full breakout prism. This conclusion stands in confirmation of our former considerations regarding the impact of the anchor head angle on the size of the breakout surface. Furthermore, it is supported by the results obtained from the mechanical model simulation of the anchor-rock system, where the anchor head angle and the effective embedment depth were determined as significant factors affecting the assumed rock breakout failure. The underlying aspect of the reported investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-conventional rock breakout technology performed with an undercut anchor, whose primary factors were both the pullout force and the assumed volume of the rock cone.

Experimental Verification of Standard Recommendations for Estimating the Load-carrying Capacity of Undercut Anchors in Rock Material

Jonak Józef, Karpiński Robert, Siegmund Michał, Machrowska Anna, Prostański Dariusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2021

Vol. 15, no 1

230--244

The recommendations put forward in the International Standards for anchorage in concrete concerning the assessment of the load-carrying capacity of anchors (the pull-out force) embedded in natural rock material were verified. Regarding the predicted extent of surface failure we have shown, in earlier studies, substantial discrepancies between the strength test results for anchorages in the rock mass and the established standard recommendations for anchorages in concrete. As regards the industrial practice and the goals of the reported project, simplified calculation procedures that will facilitate the selection of optimal configurations for the layout of anchor holes, while being computationally effective and applicable under the industry-specific conditions are sought.