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Possible methods and approaches for verification of undeclared and decommissioned sites for verifying nuclear disarmament, the reasons to employ them, and the dissemination of findings

Várdai Mihail Istvanovics

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

2021

R. 6, Nr 11

89--113

Objectives: The future verification of the nuclear disarmament poses different challenges. The International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification is working on these challenges. The verification methods and approaches are very different so they can greatly influence the outcome of the inspection activities. Methods: These methods and approaches can be identified in other, already functioning arms control arrangements and confidence and security building measures. The methods and approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, so the planning of different verification activities have to take into account these aspects. Results: The future nuclear disarmament verification can be achieved by combining the methods of verification. The availability of technology also can contribute for verification of nuclear disarmament without entering sensitive areas, thus the states can comply with the provisions of the Non-proliferation Treaty. The use of different sensors for verification can complement the on-site inspection activities by providing for the inspectors data on the outline of specific site. After the certification of the sensors, states can use those under specific information barriers. The recording of findings of a verification activity also important for planning future inspection missions, and in case of non-compliance they can be used as factual evidence in different negotiations. Conclusions: For this purpose the network maintained by the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe can be viewed as a model that ensures the confidentiality of the notifications.

Rola broni nuklearnej w procesie budowania zimnowojennego ładu i jej wpływ na bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe

Malik N.

Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych

2017

R. 1

21--32

Artykuł przedstawia broń nuklearną jako strategiczny instrument kształtujący stosunki międzynarodowe. Szczegółowo opisuje jej rolę w zapewnianiu bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego w latach 1945 - 1990. W kompleksowy sposób ujmuje proces rozbrojenia.

The article presents nuclear weapon as a strategic instrument that forms international relations. Its role in security ensuring between 1949 and 1990 is closely depicted. The disarmament and arms control process is enclosed in a comprehensive way.

Układ o nierozprzestrzenianiu broni jądrowej : trudności w jego realizacji

Preus M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2005

nr 2(59)

18-31

Nuclear Weapons Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968, as one of the most important disarmament issues, has awoken controversies since its initial phase. The author of the article on the eve of the new NPT review conference has reminded the past misunderstandings and today’s problems as well as the last six consecutive review conferences. Undoubtedly among remarkable achievements of the conference one can include the development and adoption (in 2000) of arms control and disarmament programme by nuclear powers. Its core is formed by: increasing transparency in nuclear weapons potentials as voluntary means of confidence building measures, decreasing the role of nuclear weapons in security policy and military planning, engaging nuclear powers in multilateral disarmament talks as soon as possible. Finally, the author wonders if the consolidation of non-aligned states, unsatisfied with the passive attitude of nuclear powers, will not influence the treaty in a negative way. If the non-aligned states decided to leave the NPT regime, it would undermine the very sense of the treaty. That would cause irreversible harm to the NPT regime just at its seventh review conference.