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Accumulation of Selected Heavy Metals in the Femora of Small Terrestrial Mammals

Martiniakova M., Omelka R., Jancova A., Stawarz R., Formicki G., Toman R.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 12

1599-1604

EN

The accumulation of lead, cadmium, iron, nickel, copper and zinc in the femora of yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) living near the site of coal power station Novaky (Slovakia) was investigated. The content of heavy metals in the bones was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Altogether 20 femora of adult individuals were analysed. Higher concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn were detected in the bones of bank vole. Significant differences were observed for the concentrations of Cd, Ni and Zn (p < 0.05). On the contrary, higher concentrations of Pb and Fe were found in the femora of yellow necked mouse. However, the differences were not significant. Our results indicate that Clethrionomys glareolus may be considered as more bone loaded zoomonitor in comparison with Apodemus flavicollis.

PL

Zbadano kumulację ołowiu, kadmu, żelaza, niklu, miedzi i cynku w kości udowej myszy leśnej (Apodemus flavicollis) i nomicy rudej (Clethrionomys glareolus) zasiedlających tereny w pobliżu elektrowni Novaky na Słowacji. Zawartość metali ciężkich w kościach zmierzono metodą spektrofotometrii atomowej. Przebadano 20 kości udowych podchodzących od dorosłych osobników. Większe zawartości Cd, Ni, Cu i Zn stwierdzono w kościach nornicy rudej niż w kościach myszy leśnej. Istotne statystycznie różnice między badanymi ssakami dotyczyły zawartości Cd, Ni i Zn (p < 0.05). Z drugiej strony kości myszy leśnej zawierały więcej Pb i Fe niż kości nomicy rudej. Różnice te nie były jednak istotne statystycznie. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że kości nornicy rudej kumulują więcej metali ciężkich niż kości myszy leśnej, co może mieć znaczenie dla przyszłych badań monitoringowych.

2

Effect of seed crop of trees on the abundance and body parameters of granivorous mammals in isolated forest stands of Southern Moravia (Czech Republic)

Suchomel J., Heroldova M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 1

181-186

EN

Effects of heavy seed crop (mainly oak mast) in year 2003 and 2004 (no seed crops) on small mammal communities in three isolated stands of broad leaved lowland forests (area 60-280 ha) with different management were studied in southern Moravia in three sites: (1) close-to-nature not managed floodplain forest - Ulmeto-Fraxinetum carpineum (FF), (2) managed forest - Carpineto-Quercetum acerosum (MF), (3) pheasantry - Ulmeto-Fraxinetum carpineum, Saliceto-Alnetum and Carpineto-Quercetum acerosum, with a considerable number of biotopes including open areas (PH). We presumed the influence of seed production on mammal species, especially granivorous rodents. In the most numerous species (Apodemus flavicollis (Mel.), A. sylvaticus (L.) and Myodes glareolus (Pallas)) the demographic parameters (abundance, sex ratio), body mass, and body length were compared between popu-lations in 2003 and 2004 in each stand. Animals were trapped in snap mousetraps laid out in lines. In 2003 reproduction of both Apodemus sp. was extended to November in contrast to 2004, when it ceased already in the end of summer. Individual body mass of animals were significantly higher in 2004 vs. 2003 in all three species (A. flavicollis, P = 0.01; A. sylvaticus, P <0.01 and Myodes glareolus, P <0.05) but body length was higher only in case of A. sylvaticus (P <0.01). The forest stands under study in an intensively managed agroecosystem in southern Moravia play an important role as a refuge for small mammals.

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Social relationship in a bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) population : video monitoring under field conditions

Łopucki R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

543-558

EN

Social behaviour of the bank vole was video recorded during direct encounters between individuals under natural conditions. The apparatus consisted of miniature video cameras, a system of image processing and recording, and infrared emitters. This device enabled continuous 24-h observations at several sites simultaneously. The study was conducted in an alder swamp Ribonigri-Alnetum located in the Kampinos National Park, central Poland (52 [degrees] 20'N, 20 [degrees] 25'E). Observations were made in the late summers of 2002 and 2003 at six independent baited sites for 10 days and nights per each site. Rodents visiting the sites were individually marked by fur clipping. In sum, 13 053 visits to the sites and 1868 encounters between two marked individuals of C. glareolus were video recorded during 1440 hours of observation. It has been found that under natural conditions, bank voles most often avoided each other (55% of the encounters). In the case of close contacts they were aggressive (30%), rarely tolerant (7%), and during the remaining encounters they showed a mixed behaviour. The voles met mainly in the night (94% of the encounters) despite of 25% of their daily activity ran during the day. The frequency and character of encounters depended on the sex, age, and the origin of individuals. Encounters between males were more aggressive than between females (P <0.01). In encounters between opposite sexes, males were dominants (P <0.001). Individuals with a larger body mass were dominant in access to food (P <0.000). Cases of the dominance of juveniles over adults were interpreted as a result of the site of their origin. Social relations between individuals were characterised by persistence and repeatability in time. The results are compared with the literature describing experiments with animals kept in the laboratory or in enclosures, and field observations based on trapping techniques and telemetry.

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Response of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareaolus (Schreber, 1780) to the odour and presence of heterospecifics as measured by scent marking behaviour and trapping in double traps in an alder forest

Mróz I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

559-570

EN

The paper addresses the following issues: (1) does the bank vole response to odours of other rodent species by urine and faeces marking (2) does this reaction depend on the species, (3) does the amount of odour influence the marking, and (4) the response of bank voles to the presence of heterospecifics, and its comparison with the response of marking the odour deposited by these species. The study was conducted in a Ribo nigri-Alnetum swamp located in the Kampinos National Park, central Poland (52 [degrees] 20'N and 27 [degrees] 25'E). To observe scent marking, white paper sheets (15 x 21 cm) supplied with sponges (1 cm[^3]) soaked in odour of particular rodent species were exposed in the forest along a line ca 1200 m long. Odour donors were countryside species: a) phylogenetically close to the bank vole, such as Microtus agrestis (L.) and M. oeconomus (Pallas), b) sympatric, such as Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior) and A. sylvaticus (Melchior), or occupying a different habitat A. agrarius (Pallas), and allopatric species such as Meriones unguiculatus (Milne-Edwards), Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse), and Octodon degus (Bennet). Also sheets with the odour of bank vole and control sheets without odour were exposed. Marking was analysed basing on the number of marked sheets (marking extensity), and on the number of urine and faeces marks on sheets (marking intensity). During the three study years, a high marking extensity was observed for the odours of phylogenetically close species. The odours of sympatric species were marked less frequently and with a higher variability in successive years. The lowest marking extensity was found for geographically alien (allopatric) species. The mean number of marks per sheet did not differ significantly between the species. To examine the effect of odour quantity on marking, a line (ca 630 m long) made up of sheets provided with 1, 3, and 5 sponges with M. oeconomus and C. glareolus odour, and of control sheets was established. The increase in the number of sponges with heterospecific odour had no effect on the extensity and intensity of marking. Significant difference in marking extensity, but not in marking intensity, was found in the case of conspecific odour. The response of bank voles to the presence of heterospecifics was examined based on the number of captures in double-traps with a live individual. In the forest, a line of 30 double-traps placed every 10 m was established, containing single M. oeconomus, A. flavicollis, or C. glareolus. Bank voles were more often captured in traps with conspecifics than with heterospecofics. Thus, bank voles avoid encounters with heterospecifics but they do not avoid marking their odour (marking the heterospecific odour was not lower than marking conspecifics and control). It may suggest that under natural conditions, interspecific communication is largely mediated through olfactory cues.

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Cadmium and lead concentrations and histopathological analysis of tissues of rodents from within the neighbourhood of steelworks and zinc smelters

Damek-Poprawa M., Dąbrowski Z., Sawicka-Kapusta K.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2002

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Vol. 9, nr 10

1193--1198

EN

Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis were caught and taken from the neighbourhood of the Lucchini Steelworks in Warsaw and the Sendzimir Steelworks in Krakow. Rodents were also caught near two zinc works in the Upper Silesia region, namely in Bukowno and Miasteczko Slaskie. Borecka forest in the north of Poland was chosen as the control area. Pb and Cd concentrations in the liver, kidneys, femurs and testes were determined. The statistically significantly highest concentration of lead (173 µg ּ g-1) was found in the femurs of the yellow-necked mice from Bukowno. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in the kidneys of the bank voles and of the yellow-necked mice also from Bukowno: there were 33 µg Cd ּ g-1 and 23,6 µg Cd ּ g-1 respectively. Iron, copper and zine levels in tissues were also analysed, but their concentrations did not exceed the established critical values. Histomorphological changes were examined in the livers and kidneys of rodents trapped in the areas surrounding steelworks and zine smelters. The tissues of rodents from the control area showed no damage.

PL

W sąsiedztwie dwóch hut stali: Huty im. T. Sendzimira w Krakowie i Huty Lucchini – Warszawa w Warszawie oraz dwóch hut cynku: w Bukowinie i w Miasteczku Śląskim przeprowadzono odłowy nornic rudych Clethrionomys glareolus i myszy leśnych Apodemus flavicollis. Puszcza Borecka wybrana została jako teren kontrolny. Zbadano poziomy ołowiu, kadmu, żelaza, cynku i miedzi wątrobach, nerkach, kościach i jądrach odłowionych zwierząt. Statystycznie istotnie najwyższe stężenie ołowiu (173 µg ּ g-1) odnotowano w kościach myszy leśnych z Bukowna. Najwyższe koncentracje kadmu stwierdzono w nerkach nornic rudych (33 µg ּ g-1) i myszy leśnych (23,6 µg ּ g-1) również z okolic Bukowna. Podlegające homeostatycznej regulacji poziomy pierwiastków fizjologicznych (Fe, Zn, Cu) nie przekroczyły wartości krytycznych. Przeanalizowano zmiany histopatologiczne powstałe pod wpływem ołowiu i kadmu w wątrobach i nerkach gryzoni odłowionych w sąsiedztwie hut stali i hut cynku. W tkankach zwierząt pochodzących z terenu kontrolnego nie stwierdzono żadnych uszkodzeń.