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EN
The huge lithosome of the Middle Miocene (Early Badenian) Mykolaiv Sands, developed at the external margin of the Fore-Carpathian Basin in western Ukraine, is recognized to represent a shallowing-up sequence. Special attention is paid to burrows of the Ghost Crab Ocypode which are pantropical in present-day littoral habitats. In the Stratyn section, burrows of this type become a crucial tool in the interpretation of basin bathymetry, which starts from distal offshore depths, through the foreshore, to the backshore where the Ocypode burrows record a temporary break in sedimentation. Lithification of the sand layers and the Ocypode burrows subsequently progressed in beachrock mode. The Stratyn section demonstrates that the development of submerged shoals and/or emergent parts, throughout the huge mass of the Mykolaiv Sands, is probably responsible for their great variation in thickness in western Ukraine, which has long proved difficult to explain.
EN
Analysis of trace fossil abundance and diversity in the Oligocene to Miocene foredeep and piggyback basins of the Tuscan-Romagna-Umbrian Apennines allows us to recognize five ichnocoenoses. The deposits reflect sedimentary environments from slope to basin plain, whose sedimentation was directly controlled by synsedimentary tectonics: attached fan lobes and channels, lobe- and channel-fringes, overbank-fringes of intrabasinal highs, distal detached lobes of basin plain and slope-proximal interfans. The graphoglyptid: non-graphoglyptid ratio has been considered as the chief factor in the study of ichnologic material from Falterona-Cervarola-Trasimeno, Marnosoarenacea and Marne di Vicchio-Verghereto stratigraphic units. The study shows that there is an increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodensity of graphoglyptids, which are typical mainly in detached lobes of basin plain and overbank-levee deposits whose background ichnofauna also shows better preservation.
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