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Field gamma spectrometry, Monte Carlo simulations and potential of non-invasive measurements

Guérin G., Mercier N.

Geochronometria

2012

Vol. 39, no. 1

40-47

The determination of gamma dose rates is of prior importance in the field of luminescence dating methods. In situ measurements are usually performed by the insertion of dosimeters or a porta-ble gamma spectrometer cell in sediments. In this paper, Monte-Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit allow the development of a new technique of in-situ gamma dose rate evaluations: a spectrom-eter cell is placed on the surface of sediments under excavation to acquire successive spectra as sedi-ments are removed by excavations. The principle of this non-invasive technique is outlined and its po-tential is discussed, especially in the case of environments in which radioelements are heterogeneous-ly distributed. For such cases, a simple method to reconstruct gamma dose rate values with surface measurements using an attenuator is discussed, and an estimation of errors is given for two simple cases. This technique appears to be applicable, but still needs experimental validation.

Przyrządy do oznaczania glukozy dla potrzeb medycznych : stan obecny i perspektywy dalszego rozwoju

Zawicki I.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

2008

Vol. 49, nr 9

154-160

W artykule omówiono: a) właściwości powszechnie dostępnych przyrządów do pojedynczych pomiarów glukozy (glukometrów) oraz tendencje rozwojowe; b) zagadnienie dokładności pomiarów glukozy; c) dopuszczone w celach badawczych, wybrane przyrządy do monitorowania i ciągłych pomiarów glukozy; d) stan zaawansowania prac nad przyrządami do pomiarów nieinwazyjnych; e) krótki przegląd nowych propozycji rozwiązań czujników glukozy z wykorzystaniem nanotechnologii.

A review of the present status and trends in development of the glucose monitoring instruments is presented in this paper. Attention is paid for special features characterizing large variety of instruments, which appeared in the last years on the marked. However, for measurements of glycaemia they require, as a rule, taking sample of blood by finger prick 4-6 times a day which is cumbersome for the diabetic patient. Question of accuracy and sources of measurement errors is also considered. For many years now, works are carried out toward development of painless noninvasive glucose meters which would eliminate unpleasant blood sampling. These works apply various physical phenomena to achieve the desired goals. The paper contains a short survey of presently appearing solutions in the field of minimally invasive glucose measurements. New concepts based on application of carbon nanotubes for glucose sensors are also mentioned.