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Non-renewable natural resources as the key factor in civilizational development

Pindór T.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2018

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nr 4

200--211

EN

The paper provides an overview based on results of qualitative research into transformations of the structure of the global economy. The main purpose of the paper is to show the importance of non-renewable natural resources as the key factor, beside entrepreneurship and innovativeness, of civilizational development. The paper characterises raw materials and consumables acquired from environmental resources, i.e. nanomaterials as well as critical elements and raw materials as the basis for the new technologies and new products. It also defines the concept of reindustrialization in conditions of creating and implementing the principles of permanent and sustainable development. In particular, it indicates and analyses the factors that enable transition to a low-emission economy, and in the future to a circular economy. The paper characterises contemporary changes in the economic map of the world by identifying new growth and competitiveness poles. Against this background, the civilizational challenges facing the Polish economy have been presented.

2

Minimalizacja kosztu ekologicznego wytwarzania surówki wielkopiecowej

Stanek W.

Archiwum Energetyki

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2002

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T. 31, nr 1/2

71-94

PL

Minimalizacja wyczerpywania nieodnawialnych bogactw naturalnych powinna stanowić równie ważne kryterium przy projektowaniu i eksploatacji urządzeń przemysłowych co kryterium ekonomiczne. Miarą szkodliwości działalności ludzkiej powinna być wielkość wyczerpywania zasobów nieodnawialnych. Jako miarę jakości poszczególnych bogactw nieodnawialnych można przyjąć egzergię. Koszt ekologiczny można wyrazić zatem jako skumulowane zużycie egzergii nieodnawialnych bogactw naturalnych występujące we wszystkich gałęziach gospodarki narodowej w związku z wytwarzaniem danego produktu użytecznego. W pracy przedstawiono przykład zastosowania egzergetycznej metody oceny kosztu ekologicznego do minimalizacji wyczerpywania nieodnawialnych bogactw naturalnych. Przykładowe obliczenia wykonano dla procesu wielkopiecowego.

EN

The minimization of the depletion of non-renewable natural resources during the designing and operation process of technical devices should be as important as the economic one. The magnitude of natural resources depletion can be used as a measure of the harmful impacts of human activity. The quality of particular resources can be expressed using the exergy units. Therefore, the ecological cost should be defined as cumulative exergy consumption of non-renewable natural resources appearing in all branches of economy resulting from the production of considered goods. The paper presents the utilization of an exergy method of ecological cost determination for the minimization of natural resources depletion. An exemplary calculation for the blast-furnace process bas been carried out.

3

Imperatyw ekologiczny konsumenta a równoważenie konsumpcji

Janikowski S.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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1999

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nr 1

65--70

EN

In the work there had been articulated a consumer's ecological imperative. It's been j expressed by four principles: - select products and choose more environmental-friendly ones, - minimize (reduce) the range of the consumption, - maximize time and functionality of the product, - segregate refuses. Exploration of a consumer's ecological imperative pointed to the need for postulating the following rule, defined as product dematerialization, which would determine consumers behavior. For it is possible to choose the way of satisfying certain human needs, which does not require from the consumer's viewpoint, any purchase and therefore, any use of the functional form of material (energy). Sometimes short-term hiring of a product can be sufficient or purchase of service, which would in identical or almost identical ways satisfy the consumer's need. Except of simplicity of such aims, the initiation will be a long process, rich of many necessary treatments. There is a need of change of different system's elements, i.e., personals and whole society. The change of a global educational system has to be changed too. There is important to shape the abilities of treating the nature and social and economical increase in a systematic way. One shall prefer the habits, which limit the consumption and develop humanistic and ecological behavior.