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Non-prismatic channels for reducing shear stress

Haddad Samir

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

no. 52

87--94

To reduce the sediment transport capacity, shear stress needs to be reduced as well. The article describes work that has been done to find a way to make these reductions possible. The theoretical study and the approach proposed allowed us to obtain a general equation that determines conditions and calculates the most important parameters which support the reduction of shear stress. This describes the mechanism that erodes soils by free surface water flow. In a similar vein, we have shown that adding a short non-prismatic channel to the entrance of a prismatic channel, which has the same geometric shape, is a very powerful way to reduce shear stress. With the idea of reducing shear stress, we have shown that the water-surface profile type plays a key role and must therefore be included in future reflections on reducing the importance of shear stress. Additionally, the notion of efficiency was introduced that allows to evaluate the expected gain after the reduction of shear stress and adding a short non-prismatic channel. The laws of similarity applied to free surface flows allowed us to obtain an equation with several equivalence scales and compare different geometric shapes in terms of their efficiency in the reduction of shear stress.

Prediction of flood hydrograph using the modified Cunge-Muskingum method in an ungauged basin: a case study in the Kulsi River basin, India

Bharali Biswadeep, Misra Utpal Kumar

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2021

Vol. 9, Iss. 1-2

1--22

The Cunge-Muskingum routing model is one of the most popular and widely used models for hydrologic channel flood routing. The application of Cunge-Muskingum model to an ungauged basin is hindered by the lack of hydro-meteorological data. In the present study, a method is proposed to predict the outflow hydrograph of an ungauged basin as a solution to this problem. The Cunge-Muskingum method is modified, considering the non-prismatic complex natural channel. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number rainfall-runoff model is employed to obtain the inflow and lateral inflow hydrographs of the ungauged basins, and the Modified Cunge-Muskingum model is employed to anticipate the flood hydrograph at the outlet of the ungauged basin. The proposed approach is employed to the Kulsi River Basin, India, hypothetically treated as an ungauged basin, and the results are compared with the observed data at the outlet of the basin. The performance of the model is evaluated based on RMSE (50.34 m3/s), peak flow error (39.73%), peak flow time error (-3.44%), total volume error (7.36%), relative error (7.36%), mean absolute error (33.5%), correlation coefficient (0.785), coefficient of efficiency (0.59) and Kling-Gupta efficiency (0.66).The results reveal that the proposed Modified Cunge-Muskingum model is an efficient predictor of the flood hydrograph at the outlet of the ungauged basin.