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1 International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

1 2001

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Polar theory for electrorheological fluids based on extended thermodynamics

Eckart W., Sadiki A.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2001

Vol. 6, no 4

969-998

In this paper, we present a polar fluid model for electrorheological fluids using the methods of extended irreversible thermodynamics. In the first part of this paper, the fluid is described as a non-polar fluid. We show that certain well-known models emerge as special cases of our rate-type constitutive equations for the extra stress and the electric displacement. In the second part, we account for the induced structure in the fluid by using a polar theory. We derive rate-type constitutive equations for the (non-symmetric) extra stress, the couple stress and the corresponding electric displacement. After discussing the transition from rate type to differential type, we compare the predicted shear stresses of both models for a viscometric flow configuration and show that only the polar model can account for different material responses, if the constant electric field is oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the flow direction.