The paper describes principles minimisation of noise produced in infrared detection systems. Analysis of operating conditions affecting signal to noise ratio (S/N) has been carried out. Also analyses for maximisation of S/N in advanced methods of optical signals detection have been made. Many practical solutions have confirmed theoretical predictions.
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The main objective of this paper is to produce an applications-oriented review covering infrared techniques and devices. At the beginning infrared systems fundamentals are presented with emphasize on thermal emission, scene radiation and con trast, cooling technics, and optics. Special attention is put on night vision and thermal imaging concepts. Next section shortly concentrates on selected infrared systems and is arranged in order to increase complexity ; from smart weapon seekers, image intensifier systems, thermal imaging systems, to space-based systems. Finally, other important infrared techniques and devices are shortly described between them the most important are: non-contact thermometers, radiometers, LIDAR, and gas sensors.
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