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1

E-Smoking Liquids as Precursors for Liquid Nitroesters

Fettaka H., Lefebvre M. H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 1

199--216

EN

Currently, E-smoking cigarettes are widely used and occur within all classes of society. This work investigated the use of E-smoking liquids for the synthesis of Nitroglycerin (NG) and 1,2-Propylene Glycol Dinitrate (PGDN), both considered as nitroester liquid high explosives. Two kinds of E-smoking liquids (10 mL) were investigated: nicotine free and with nicotine (10 mg/mL). Quantitative analysis of the glycerin and propylene glycol (PG) present in the E-smoking liquids was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), with calculation of the accuracy and precision parameters. The percentage of glycerin was (10-13 wt.%) and percentage of propylene glycol was (40-70 wt.%) The synthesis of pure NG and pure PGDN were performed with laboratory grade glycerin and propylene glycol and compared to the samples obtained from the E-smoking liquid. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used for the determination of the activation energy and the heat of decomposition for each synthesized explosive, using the Ozawa and Kissinger models. The brisance index was assessed by the witness plate test and compared with some conventional explosives (TNT and C4). Finally, the influence of nicotine (less than 2 wt.%) on the synthetic process and the detonic properties of the explosive mixture was studied.

2

Triazotan(V)-propano-1,2,3-triylu. Zastosowanie chromatografii gazowej z detektorem wychwytu elektronów w analizie próbek powietrza

Kowalska J.

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

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2013

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Nr 4 (78)

135--148

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zwalidowaną metodę oznaczania triazotanu(V)-propano-1,2,3-triylu (triazotanu(V) glicerolu, TNG, nitrogliceryny) z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej z detektorem wychwytu elektronów (GC/ECD). Najmniejsze stężenie triazotanu(V)-propano-1,2,3- u, jakie można oznaczyć przy stosowaniu tej metody, wynosi 0,007 mg/m Zastosowanie w tej metodzie kolumny kapilarnej RTX-5MS pozwala oznaczyć triazotan(V)-propario-1,2,3-triylu w obecności diazotanu(V) glikolu etylenowego (nitro glikolu). Metoda polega na pobraniu triazotanu(V)-pro pano-1,2,3-triylu na rurki pochłaniające zawierające żel krzemionkowy.Opracowaną metodę oznaczania triazotanu(V) -propano-1,2,3-triylu zapisaną w postaci proce dury analitycznej zamieszczono w Załączniku.

EN

This paper describes a fully validated method for analyzing glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) with gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). The lowest concentration of glyceryl trinitrate, which can be determined with this method is 0.007 mg/m The use of RTX-5M capillary column makes it possible to determine glyceryl trinitrate in the presence of ethylene glycol dinitrate. This method is based on collecting glyceryl trinitrate on a sorbent tube filled with silica gel. The method of determining glyceryl trinitrate has been recorded as an analytical procedure, which is available in the Appendix.

3

Stężanie par materiałów wybuchowych

Błądek J., Cudziło S., Jakubowska I., Maławska A., Wojtas J.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2011

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Vol. 60, nr 2

39-46

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zastosowaniem instrumentalnej chromatografii cienkowarstwowej do pomiaru skuteczności retencji wybranych materiałów wybuchowych (TNT, NG i TAT P) na adsorbentach stosowanych w analizatorach par MW lub produktach ich rozkładu. Dowiedziono, że wstępne stężanie może być wykorzystane wyłącznie do detekcji par MW; analizy ilościowe nie są możliwe, ponieważ nie zaobserwowano liniowych zależności między czasem retencji a masą zaadsorbowanych MW. Wykazano też, że szybka detekcja stężonych par MW jest możliwa jedynie przy użyciu detektorów o wykrywalności granicznej rzędu nanogramów.

EN

Application of the instrumented thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the evaluation of retention effectiveness of chosen explosives (TNT, NG, TAT P, PETN ) on some adsorbents used in explosive vapor (or the explosive decomposition products) analyzers is presented. It was confirmed that the initial preconcentration can be used only for detection of explosives; quantitative analysis cannot be performed because there is no linear dependence of the adsorbed mass of an explosive on the retention time. It was also shown that fast detection of the concentrated explosive vapor is possible only with using detectors whose detection limits are at a level of nanograms.

4

Primary Nitramines Related to Nitroglycerine: 1-Nitramino-2,3-dinitroxypropane and 1,2,3-Trinitraminopropane

Altenburg T., Klapötke T. M., Penger A.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2009

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Vol. 6, nr 3-4

255-275

EN

The title compounds 1-nitramino-2,3-dinitroxypropane (NG-N1) and 1,2,3-trinitraminopropane (NG-N3) were formed by multi-step reaction from the corresponding amine. Both compounds were fully characterized by means of multinuclear NMR (1 H, 13 C, 14 N) N), vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. For prediction of the energetic properties ΔHc values are determined by oxygen bomb calorimetry and validated by quantum theoretical methods. Both compounds are superior in their performance data to nitroglycerine (NG) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). In comparison to nitroglycerine the sensitivities towards mechanical stimuli is greatly reduced. X-ray diffraction elucidated the molecular structure of both compounds. NG-N1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with a density of 1.799 g/cm(3), NG-N3 in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a density of 1.783 g/cm(3). The thermal behavior and long term stabilities were checked using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric measurements. NG-N1, shows for primary nitramines, exceptional stability in the molten phase making this compound suitable for melt-cast application (Tmp: 65 C, Tdec: 170 C).