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1
Content available Preparation of conjugated nitroalkenes: short review
Zawadzińska Karolina, Gaurav Gajendra Kumar, Jasiński Radomir
Scientiae Radices
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2022
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Vol. 1, Iss. 1
69--83
EN
Key protocols of the preparation of conjugated nitroalkenes were reviewed and critically discussed. It was established, that optimal strategy for the obtaining of target compounds are small molecules extrusion processes from saturated nitro-compounds. Among them, the most universal methodologies based on carboxylic acids elimination have been discussed, which provide for smooth applications.
2
Content available Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Energetic Salts of 5-Amino-3-[(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (APATO)
Šarlauskas Jonas, Tamulienė Jelena
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2022
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Vol. 19, no. 3
311--325
EN
The synthesis and properties of some 5-amino-3-[(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (APATO) cationic salts are described. A detailed structure of one of the salts obtained, 5-amino-3-[(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium perchlorate (APATO·HClO4) was characterized using low temperature (173 K) single crystal X-ray diffraction: orthorhombic yellow block, space group ‘Pbc21’, crystal density at 173 K (calculated) and at 293 K (pycnom.) were 1.863 and 1.840 g/cm3, respectively. The APATO salts were characterized by spectroscopic methods and thermal analysis. Preliminary computer calculated energetic characteristics showed that the synthesized salts possess increased energetic characteristics, superior in comparison to the TNT. The APATO perchlorate salt may deserve special attention as a thermostable HEDM.
3
Content available remote Nowe realizacje procesu Meyera
Kącka A., Dresler E., Jasiński R.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2016
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T. 95, nr 11
2334--2337
PL
Najbardziej uniwersalną metodą syntezy alifatycznych nitrozwiązków jest nukleofilowe podstawienie z udziałem anionów azotanowych(III), zwane reakcją Meyera. Dokonano przeglądu i dyskusji nowych realizacji tego procesu. Wiele odkrytych w ostatnim czasie reakcji tego typu przebiega zgodnie z regułami zielonej chemii i w stosunkowo łagodnych warunkach.
EN
A review, with 28 refs., of processes for prepn. of aliph. nitrocomps. by nucleophilic substitution involving the nitrite anion. Several reactions carried out via green protocol under mild conditions were included.
4
Content available remote Utilisation of nitrocompounds
Madaj R., Kalinowska H., Sobiecka E.
Biotechnology and Food Science
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2016
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Vol. 80, nr 2
63--73
EN
This paper is a review of methods of biological, chemical and physical utilisation of nitrocompounds, extremely toxic xenobiotics that are abundant in the biosphere and are recalcitrant to biodegradation. Due to their unique physicochemical properties the nature itself has significant problem with complete degradation of nitroxenobiotic substances. There are number of methods developed in order to prevent further contamination of the environment leading to defoliation, inhibition of growth of plants and has adverse health effects on animals. Their abundance, deriving mainly from military industry, poses a serious threat to biosphere and current methods of their utilisation require further optimization.
5
Content available remote Komponenty niejednorodnych stałych paliw rakietowych
Florczak B.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2011
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T. 90, nr 12
2164-2169
6
Content available Similarities and Differences in Explosion Hazards of Organic Peroxides and High Explosives: an Experimental Study
Kozak G. D., Tsvigunov A. N., Akinin N. I.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2011
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Vol. 8, nr 4
249-260
EN
Properties that cause explosion hazard of organic peroxides, hydroperoxides and nitrocompounds are examined in the article. Ability to thermal explosion initiation of benzoyl peroxide and of nitrocompounds is compared. Explosion properties of peroxides are analyzed. Measurements of burning temperature by means of micro thermocouples and the comparison of their values with the calculated ones of benzoyl peroxide and hydroperoxide of isopropyl benzene lead to the conclusion that burning of them propagates in condensed phase. It is noted that heat instability of benzoyl peroxide burning, contrary to many nitrocompounds, is absent. Burning of benzoyl peroxide is stable even in vacuum. It is noted that, although benzoyl peroxide is not applied as explosive, in some cases the explosion hazard of benzoyl peroxide heating can be bigger than that of PETN. This conclusion was made on the basis of an investigation carried out by means of DSC method. The explosion process of benzoyl peroxide and hydroperoxide of isopropyl benzene propagates in a regime reminiscent of a low velocity detonation and the explosive effects are suffcient for severe destructions during accidents. This conclusion unfortunately is confrmed by bitter experience in practice. The results of the investigation of condensed products of explosion at impact of mixtures aluminum with peroxides and with nitrocompounds by means of impact-testing machine that were carried out in this work by X-ray diffraction analysis are discussed. It was shown that if the temperature of explosion of a mixture is Tp ≥ 2200-2300 K, practically all aluminum or aluminum hydride in the mixture transformed into aluminum oxide.
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