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Managers' attitudes towards the future

Cabała Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2020

z. 149

57--64

Purpose: The article discusses the results of a survey conducted amongst managers of Polish enterprises on their attitude towards the future. Design/methodology/approach: The questions used in the survey concerned managers understanding of the future, their level of optimism, the number and impact of unexpected events (surprises), the effects of uncertainty, the possibilities of influencing the future, the planning and prediction horizons, and the frequency of discussions about risk in their work. Findings: The presented research results were aimed at identifying general attitudes and opinions of managers. At the beginning of the article the notion of attitude towards the future is discussed. In the next part of the article, the goal and subject of the research are presented, followed by the questions to the managers and the statistics of the responses given. In the analysis of the results, attention is drawn to the existing connections between the examined features, in particular the relationship between age and seniority of the respondents and their perception of opportunities and threats. Research limitations/implications: Measuring attitudes towards the future is a complex task. The questions only partially describe this complexity. It seems, however, that the sufficiently large sample on which the research was carried out makes the distribution of answers to the questions quite interesting. Originality/value: The regularities presented in the article can be used in the design of further research on the perception of opportunities and threats and they are important in the decision-making process and planning within organizations.

Twórczość architektoniczna - jako niezwykłość

Kosiński W.

Przestrzeń i Forma

2009

nr 12

7--68

Niespodzianka jest ważnym, oczywistym, ale mało zbadanym czynnikiem oddziaływania architektury i urbanistyki. Ze względu na atrakcyjność tego zjawiska, jest ona istotnym efektem którego poszukuje architekt w toku projektowania - świadomie lub podświadomie. Niespodzianka wynika z innowacyjnego potraktowania projektu, wymaga od autora nowatorskiego podejścia twórczego. W historii kreowania architektury od zarania do chwili obecnej, niespodzianka była obok ciągłości i tradycji, drugim - przeciwstawnym, ryzykownym i niepokojącym składnikiem estetyki architektury. Czynnik niespodzianki decyduje o przemianach estetyki architektonicznej. Często bywają one wynikiem szerokich uwarunkowań pozaartystycznych. Jednak ostatecznie wyrażają się niespodziewaną formą przestrzenną. Ona z kolei, dzięki wrażeniom które sprawia, staje się - mechanizmem kolejnych przemian w kulturze i może współgenerować kolejne uwarunkowania ogólne.

Surprise is an important, obvious, yet little investigated factor of the impact of architecture and urban planning. Due to the attractive nature of that phenomenon, surprise is an essential effect, searched for by an architect in the course of designing. Surprise results from an innovative handling of the design, and requires a creative approach on the part of the author. In the history of creating of the architecture since the dawn of time until the present moment, surprise was - in addition to the continuity and the tradition - an opposing, risky and disturbing component of the aesthetics of architecture. It is the factor of surprise that decides about transformations of the architectural aesthetics. Often those transformations were results of non-artistic determinants. Yet, finally, they found their expression in an unexpected spatial form. That form, in turn, thanks to the impressions it makes, becomes a mechanism of subsequent transformations in culture.