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Petrografia i mineralogia łupków niższego paleozoiku kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego oraz piaskowców karbonu podłoża monokliny przedsudeckiej

Sikorska-Jaworowska M., Kuberska M., Kozłowska A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 12

963--967

EN

The study deals with clay-silt shales occurring in the lower Palaeozoic basin at the western slope of the East European Craton, and sandstones known from the Carboniferous Basin of SW Poland (basement of theFore-SudeticHomocline).The clay groundmass of the shales consistslargely of illite, and the silt fraction is made up of quartz with a variable admixture of feldspars. Quartz and carbonate cements are common, while pyrite, kaolinite and phosphate cements are rare. The clay groundmass reveals microporosity in the form of microchannels paralleling illite plates, and visible with in mica packets. Carboniferous sandstones are represented mostly by sublithic or subarkosic wackes and rarely by lithic, sublithic or subarkosic arenites. The pore space between sand grains is completely filled by clayey matrix. Both porosity and permeability are very low in the sandstones.

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Polskie złoża gazu ziemnego z łupków na tle wybranych niekonwencjonalnych złóż Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

Karcz P., Janas M., Dyrka I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 7

411--423

EN

This paper describes a regional overview of selected Central and Eastern European sedimentary basins which hold the unconventional potential for shale gas and shale oil exploration that have attracted interest in the last few years. Organic-rich fine-grained rocks like black and dark-grey shales, mudstones and claystones with varying ages from Cambrian to Miocene are distributed very irregularly across Europe. A long- -lasting, dynamic geological evolution and continuous reconstruction of the European continent resulted in the formation of many sedimentary basins. In some basins, biogeochemical conditions favoured preservation of accumulated organic-rich deposits and led to the generation of hydrocarbons after burial and reaching appropriate maturity levels. Even though shale gas and shale oil exploration in Europe is still in its infancy, shale formations were analyzed before as the source rocks in conventional petroleum systems. Parameters that were used to describe source rocks e.g.: total organic carbon, maturity, thickness, depth of occurrence and areal extent, can indicate preliminary potential for shale gas exploration and allow estimating first resource values. Currently the most intense shale gas exploration takes place in Poland where over 42 wells have been drilled and over 100 concessions for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration have been granted. Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian shales at the East European Craton (Baltic and Lublin-Podlasie Basins) are the major targets for unconventional exploration in Poland. In Central and Eastern Europe, evaluation of the unconventional potential of gas-bearing shale formations is carried out also in Ukraine, Lithuania, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldavia and the European sector of Turkey. Despite the fact that each shale rock differs from another by geochemical, petrographical, petrophysical, mechanical and other parameters, some similarities can be seen such as marine type of depositional environment with the predominance of type II kerogen or specific organic matter content. Recoverable resources of shale gas throughout Europe are believed to be as large as 17.6 bln m3 and Poland, Ukraine, France with United Kingdom are thought to have the greatest resources.

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Polish shale gas deposits in relation to selected shale gas prospective areas of Central and Eastern Europe

Karcz P., Janas M., Dyrka I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 11-1

608--620

EN

This paper describes a regional overview of selected Central and Eastern European sedimentary basins which hold the unconventional potential for shale gas and shale oil exploration that have attracted interest in the last few years. Organic-rich fine-grained rocks like black and dark-grey shales, mudstones and claystones with varying ages from Cambrian to Miocene are distributed very irregularly across Europe. A long- -lasting, dynamic geological evolution and continuous reconstruction of the European continent resulted in the formation of many sedimentary basins. In some basins, biogeochemical conditions favoured preservation of accumulated organic-rich deposits and led to the generation of hydrocarbons after burial and reaching appropriate maturity levels. Even though shale gas and shale oil exploration in Europe is still in its infancy, shale formations were analyzed before as the source rocks in conventional petroleum systems. Parameters that were used to describe source rocks e.g.: total organic carbon, maturity, thickness, depth of occurrence and areal extent, can indicate preliminary potential for shale gas exploration and allow estimating first resource values. Currently the most intense shale gas exploration takes place in Poland where over 42 wells have been drilled and over 100 concessions for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration have been granted. Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian shales at the East European Craton (Baltic, Lublin and Podlasie basins) are the major targets for unconventional exploration in Poland. In Central and Eastern Europe, evaluation of the unconventional potential of gas-bearing shale formations is carried out also in Ukraine, Lithuania, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and the European sector of Turkey. Despite the fact that each shale rock differs from another by geochemical, petrographical, petrophysical, mechanical and other parameters, some similarities can be seen such as marine type of depositional environment with the predominance of type II kerogen or specific organic matter content. Recoverable resources of shale gas throughout Europe are believed to be as large as 17.67 trillion m3 (624 Tcf) and Poland, Ukraine, France with United Kingdom are thought to have the greatest resources.

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Perspektywy poszukiwań złóż gazu ziemnego w skałach ilastych (shale gas) oraz gazu ziemnego zamkniętego (tight gas) w Polsce

Poprawa P., Kiersnowski H.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 429

145-152

PL

Głównym obiektem, spełniającym kryteria decydujące o możliwości występowania gazu ziemnego w skałach ilastych, są utwory górnego ordowiku i syluru w basenie bałtyckim i basenie lubelsko-podlaskim. Kryteria takie częściowo spełniają również ilaste kompleksy w obrębie utworów dolnego karbonu w strefie wielkopolskiej (rejon monokliny przedsudeckiej). Niekonwencjonalne akumulacje gazu ziemnego w skałach ilasto-mułowcowych, aczkolwiek o bakteryjnej genezie, mogą występować również w mioceńskim zapadlisku przedkarpackim. Największe perspektywy dla poszukiwania złóż gazu ziemnego zamkniętego związane są z eolicznymi i fluwialnymi piaskowcami czerwonego spągowca, głównie w strefie NE monokliny przedsudeckiej. Akumulacje gazu ziemnego zamkniętego mogą występować również w piaskowcach kambryjskich na obszarze kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego, środkowo- i górnodewońskich utworach węglanowych w basenie lubelskim, jak również w piaskowcach kredowych i paleogeńskich w głębiej pogrążonych partiach orogenu Karpat zewnętrznych. Utwory dolnego karbonu w strefie wielkopolskiej lokalnie spełniają warunki dla współwystępowania w profilu kompleksów drobnoklastycznych zawierających gaz w łupkach oraz kompleksów piaskowcowych zawierających gaz zamknięty.

EN

The main target for shale gas exploration in Poland is the Upper Ordovician to Silurian black graptolitic shale at the East European Craton (Baltic Basin, Lublin-Podlasie Basin; Eastern and Northern Poland). Existence of such petroleum system is in this case confirmed by presence of gas shows. Locally criteria for shale gas exploration are meet by shales within the Lower Carboniferous section in Wielkopolska zone (region of Fore-Sudetic Monocline; Western and SW Poland). Unconventional accumulation of biogenic gas might exist within shales and mudstones of the Outer Carpathian Miocene Foredeep (SE Poland). The high potential for tight gas exploration is suggested for the Rotliegend eolian and fluvial sandstones, mainly in the region of NE Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Accumulations of tight gas might exist also in the Cambrian sandstones of the East European Craton, the Middle to Upper Devonian carbonates of the Lublin Basin, and also in the Cretaceous to Paleogene sandstones in the deep parts of the Outer Carpathian thrust belt (SE Poland). The Lower Carboniferous in Wielkopolska zone, composed of deep marine shales, mudstone and sandstone, might contain both shale and tight gas.