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1 Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

1 2025

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Ocena stopnia inwazji Impatiens glandulifera w różnych typach siedlisk w rejonie Pogórza Śląskiego i Beskidu Małego

Chmura Damian, Chwierut Małgorzata, Piskornik Marek, Brańka Jarosław, Filuś Sylwia, Wójcik Jolanta, Mikietyn Barbara, Tomica Izabela, Molenda Tadeusz

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

2025

Vol. 10 (30)

50--58

Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Royle, native to Central Asia and the Himalayan region, is one of the most invasive alien species in Europe. It is listed as a species considered a threat to the European Union and is also classified as a highly invasive species in Poland. Cultivation is prohibited without a permit from the General Director for Environmental Protection. Impatiens glandulifera is more common in southern Poland, especially in river valleys, but can also be found in other habitat types. This study examined the occurrence of this species in several selected localities: Cieszyn, Szczyrk, Rzyki, Rychwałd, Ustroń, Wisła, and Żywiec, belonging to the Silesian Foothills, Silesian Beskids, Żywiec Beskids, and Little Beskids mesoregions. In total 313 sites of this species were identified, with the largest number localities in Żywiec, with 120 populations. Considering habitat preferences of the species, approximately 16% of the populations were located in forests under canopy of trees. Over 36% were sites located directly in riparian habitats (banks of streams, rivers, ponds). More than 42% were populations were in ruderal habitats connected to communication routes: roads, roadsides, and railway embankments. Only ca. 5% sites were located on meadows and grasslands. Contrary to our expectations, slightly almost 3% of the sites were large-scale populations exceeding 500 m2, while the most common population size was between 10-50 individuals (27%). The most common size of occupied area was between 10-20 m2 (30%). More than 52% of all sites were populations with individuals varied 1 and 1.5 m in height. The fewest, i.e. 6.2%, were sites where I. glandulifera reached a height of shoots exceeding 1.5 m. The height of individuals of I. glandulifera was positively correlated with abundance and size of area occupied by populations. The study results show differences between localities in both the total number of sites, their area, population size, and their share among various habitat types. Thus, it can be concluded that the degree of invasion of the studied species varies depending on the location and an increase in the number of sites can be expected in the future.