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Nematode communities along the transect shelterbelt - ecotone - crop field

Dmowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

665-680

EN

The study was carried out in western Poland (Turew region) in two shelterbelts of different age (the younger - 6 years old and the older - 11 years old) planted cross croplands, in adjacent field and in the field located in deforested area (control field). Soil samples were taken twice: in the autumn and spring from the centre of each shelterbelt, from the ecotone, and in the field at a distance of 15 and 50 m from the edge of the shelterbelts. The density of nematode communities fluctuated unpredictably, in autumn it was very low and ranged from 276 to 641 x 10[^3] in spring it ranged from 388 to 1931 x 10[^3] individuals per 1 m[^2]. Most numerous trophic groups were: bacterivores, fungivores and obligate plant feeders, while facultative plant feeders, omnivores and predators achieved low level. The abundance of predators in older shelterbelt was significantly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) higher than that in the younger one and decreased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the field. The communities in shelterbelt and its ecotone were more diverse, which was reflected by the higher number of genera (19-31) and higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index H'(3.3 - 4.0), than those in the fields where the number of genera ranged from 15 to 25 and Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' ranged from 2.5 to 3.5. In the younger shelterbelt and in the control field the soil food-web assessed with indices derived from analysis of nematode communities was considered as composed mainly of basal components, i.e. cosmopolitan species feeding on bacteria and fungi occurring everywhere even in degraded environments. While the web in older shelterbelt was consisted mainly of enrichment components, i.e. bacteria feeding species of very short life cycle, with high food requirements which occur in the environment rich in bacteria. The values of Channel Index which informs about the predominant pathway of decomposition (through bacteria or fungi) showed that in majority of sites bacterial processes predominated. Only in the older shelterbelt the participation of fungal decomposition channel was higher (>50%) and increased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the centre of the field. The results of Correspondence Analysis showed that first two axis explained 40.3% of the variance. The generic composition of nematode communities in the 11 years old shelterbelt differed from that in the 6-years old shelterbelt. Nematode communities inhabiting the ecotone of younger shelterbelt were very similar to the communities in the shelterbelt, while the communities in ecotone of older shelterbelt differed from those in the shelterbelts. Nematode communities inhabiting the control field were similar to those inhabiting the field adjacent to younger shelterbelt.

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Zjawiska termiczne w opryskiwaczu w aspekcie aplikacji biologicznych środków ochrony roślin

Chojnacki J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2007

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R. 11, nr 8 (96)

37-42

PL

Przeprowadzono badania nad wpływem ciśnienia i czasu przepompowywania cieczy w opryskiwaczu na zmiany temperatur cieczy i na śmiertelność zawartych w niej owadobójczych nicieni Steinernema feltiae, które są biologicznym środkiem ochrony roślin. Stwierdzono zależność względnej śmiertelności nicieni od ciśnienia cieczy, czasu pompowania i graniczna temperatury cieczy. Znaczny wzrost śmiertelności nicieni wystąpił w temperaturze cieczy równej 38,4°C. Śmierć wszystkich nicieni stwierdzono w cieczy, której temperatura wyniosła 41,2°C.

EN

There was a research carried out on the effect of pressure and duration of liquid pumping over in spraying machine on liquid temperature fluctuations and on death rate of Steinernema feltiae insecticidal nematoda contained in it, and used as a biological plant pesticide. The researchers confirmed relation between nematoda relative death rate and liquid pressure, pumping duration and liquid limiting temperature. Nematoda death rate considerably increased at liquid temperature of 38.4°C. All nematoda died in liquid at the temperature of 41.2°C.

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Wpływ pracy pompy membranowej na śmiertelność nicieni Steinernema feltiae - biologicznego środka ochrony roślin

Chojnacki J., Jarmocik E.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2004

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R. 12, nr 3

31--37

PL

Oceniano możliwości zastosowania trzysekcyjnej pompy membranowej w opryskiwaczach polowych do aplikacji biologicznego środka ochrony roślin - pasożytniczych nicieni Steinernema feltiae. Opracowano formułę matematyczną do obliczeń krotności przepływu cieczy przez pompę opryskiwacza. W czasie eksperymentu badano wpływ krotności (do 5 razy) przepływu mieszaniny wody i nicieni przez pompę oraz ciśnienia cieczy (do 0,7 MPa) w pompie na śmiertelność nicieni. W wyniku badań nie stwierdzono wpływu przyjętych wartości parametrów na wzrost uszkodzeń nicieni.

EN

The study aimed at assessing the usability of triple diaphragm pump in a field sprayer to application of bilogical pest control agent - entomopathogenic Steinernema feltiae nematodes. A mathematic formula was derived to calculate the multiplication factor of liquid flow through the pump system of field sprayer. The experiment design included investigating the effect of multiplication factor for water - nematode mixture flow through the pump (up to five times) and liquid pressure (up to 0.7 MPa) on nematode mortality rate. The results showed no significant effect of tested experimental parameters on increasing of nematode damages.