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Unusual echinoid resting trace records change in the position of the redox boundary (Palaeogene of the Lesser Caucasus in Georgia)

Uchman Alfred, Lebanidze Zurab, Kobakhidze Nino, Beridze Tamar, Makadze Davit, Lobzhanidze Koba, Khutsishvili Sophio, Chagelishvili Rusudan, Koiava Kakha, Khundadze Nino

Acta Geologica Polonica

2022

Vol. 72, no. 3

317--330

The first recognition of a tracemaker responding to a temporary shift in the redox boundary is recognized. This is recorded by a new trace fossil, Sursumichnus orbicularis igen. et isp. nov., which is established for mound-like structures on the upper surfaces of sandstone beds from the Borjomi Flysch (upper Paleocene–lower Eocene) in the Lesser Caucasus (Georgia). It is connected with the spatangoid echinoid burrow Scolicia de Quatrefages, 1849 and interpreted as a resting trace of the same tracemaker produced after moving up from a deeper position within the sediment. The resting is caused by an episode of unfavourable conditions related to shallowing of the redox boundary. The trace fossil is a component of the Nereites ichnofacies.

Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland

Sadlok G.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2014

Vol. 84, No. 2

143--151

A new trace fossil Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. is described from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata of the Holy Cross Mountains. This ichnospecies is probably non-trilobite in origin and is commonly preserved as an undertrace. This preservation style resembles that of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg, an index fossil of the Cambrian Series 3. Therefore, previous workers misinterpreted material from the Wiśniówka Sandstone Formation as Rusophycus ramellensis Legg (recorded by them as Cruziana barbata) and put the Cambrian Series 3 and Furongian boundary within this unit. Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov differs from Rusophycus ramellensis Legg: 1) in having a smooth trapezoidal area behind the lobes; 2) in the presence of a direct contact between the endopodal lobes and cephalic margin imprints and 3) in the restriction of the occurrence of the endopodal lobes and scratches to the cephalic region of the trace fossil. Care must be taken, when dealing with the undertrace preservation style of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg in other assemblages, as it may represent Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov.