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Discrete-Pulsed Energy Input Based Method for Neutralisation of the Acidic Condensate

Tselen Bogdan, Ivanitsky Georgiy, Obodovych Oleksandr, Radchenko Nataliya, Nedbailo Anna, Gozhenko Liubov

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

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Tom 25

215--221

EN

The article's authors analysed the most perspective and widely known methods of neutralising the acidic condensate, which is a by-product of natural gas combustion. Among them, the hydrodynamic cavitation method was the most effective. In this regard, it was proposed to improve this method by using the method of discrete-pulsed energy input, which involves neutralisation due to the degassing process. Based on the mathematical model of the bubble ensemble dynamics, a numerical simulation of the formation and growth of vapour-gas bubbles in the process of cavitation boiling of condensate was carried out. Also, an analytical study of the evolution of the vapour-gas bubble population and changes in the current vapour content of the condensate during its boiling was investigated under different values of the initial size of gas micronuclei. The results of the experimental study also confirmed the effectiveness of this method and showed that almost complete removal of carbonic acid from condensate occurs during the first two minutes of processing. That is evidenced by the increased pH values of condensate, which corresponds to the range of permissible pH values of distilled water. Therefore, the carbonic acid in the condensate is absent. Using this method will significantly reduce the environmental effect and the amount of harmful emissions.

2

Acid Mine Drainage Neutralization Effort in Mud Media by Lactobacillus casei Bacteria and Dekkera bruxellensis Fungi

Apramadha Made Sandra, Rinanti Astri, Ratnaningsih, Minarti Astari, Aphirta Sarah, Rahmiyati Lutfia, Marendra Sheilla Megagupita Putri, Sunaryo Thalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

277--286

EN

Mine acid drainage (MAD) is a primary environmental problem caused by mining activity. The main characteristics of MAD are extremely low pH level (1.5–4.0), as well as content of sulfate and a number of heavy metals and metalloids that can destroy vegetation, accelerate erotion, and disrupt land ecosystem balance. The objective of this research was to process MAD by improving pH level and lowering iron and manganese content in MAD by Lactobacillus casei and Dekkera bruxellensis mixed culture. MAD Neutralization test was conducted on SMSs media with MAD concentration variations of 10, 15, 20 and 25 (%;v/v), and contact time variations of 48, 96, 144, and 192 (hours). The MAD neutralization test by Lactobacillus casei and Dekkera bruxellensis mixed culture occurred best at 10% concentration (v/v) with contact time of 96 hours. The pH improvement reached up to 6.20 with iron metal efficiency removal at 32.47% and manganese metal up to 24.94%. MAD neutralization test revealed that the best contact time variation is at 96 hours. At this contact time, the pH level was increased to 6.17 with iron metal removal efficiency at 31.17% and manganese metal removal at 25.43%.

3

Geochemical Characterization of the Spoil Heaps of the Ain Aouda Mine and its Impact on the Soil (Morocco)

Assabar Narmine, Lahmidi Ikram, Choukrad Jaouad, Jabrane Raouf

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

100--108

EN

The exploitation of the Ain Aouda zinc lead mine in the Tazekka massif (Morocco) has abandoned spoil heaps stored directly on a karstified carbonated ground, without any means of precaution. The heaps were exposed to the weather agents, such as water infiltration and air circulation, which would generate a real source of pollution for the ecosystem. This pollution will inevitably produce effluents that can be loaded with metals and metalloids, which will have a significant negative influence on the soil and the environment. In this regard, the objective of this study was to confirm the existence of contamination of soils by using the technique of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, and of spoil heaps by X-ray diffractometry, which confirmed the contamination by zinc, arsenic, lead and copper. Their maximum concentrations are 19858.800 (ppm), 1280.700 (ppm), 495.750 (ppm), and 328.65 (ppm), respectively. Nevertheless, it was noted that the pH of the majority of soils always remains basic, due to the significant presence of carbonates, the majority of soils are calcareous (15% to 30%) to very calcareous (> 30%). It was noticed that the phenomenon of neutralization occurs.

4

Neutralization of poultry waste by thermohydrolysis in near-critical water

Janas Monika, Zawadzka Alicja

Acta Innovations

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2019

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no. 30

24--30

EN

The main problem occurring during poultry and animal production is the management of waste generated in slaughterhouses and poultry processing plants. These wastes, due to the bacteriological threat and the difficulty in storage, adversely affect all elements of the environment and thus require quick neutralization. The prospective method of liquidation of this type of waste is thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The aim of the work was to examine the decomposition of poultry waste, i.e. waste blood, soft tissues, chicken heads, feathers, subjected to the process of thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The decomposition process was carried out at a pressure of 10 MPa in the temperature range of 120°C - 250°C and with a variable residence time in the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results allowed us to state that the longer the residence time in the reactor, the higher the content of soluble organic compounds in the liquid phase. The beneficial effect of applying the thermohydrolysis process on the increased reduction of organic substances present in the investigated wastes was also demonstrated.

5

Application of microwave radiation in innovative process of neutralising asbestos-containing wastes

Granat K., Nowak D., Pigiel M., Florczak W., Opyd B.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 1

188--194

EN

Presented are results of a research on a possibility to use innovative microwave heating for thermal neutralisation of asbestos-containing wastes. In comparison to traditional heating, the innovative process is characterised by up to a hundred times reduced energy consumption and two hundred times shorter processing time. Parameters of effective disposal, i.e. microwave radiation power and heating time, as well as kind and quantity of the wetting agent necessary in the microwave heating process that intensifies the process and ensures uniform heat distribution in the heated charges, were determined for five most commonly used products containing various fractions of asbestos fibres. It was demonstrated that the presented innovative and eco-minded technology of disposing asbestos-containing materials is a quick, cheap, economical and effective solution guaranteeing complete degradation of the hazardous fibres.

6

Metoda neutralizacji zużytych emulsji olejowych

Polowski W., Wszołek J., Czechowski K., Janczewski Ł., Toboła D.

Mechanik

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2013

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R. 86, nr 1

45--48

PL

Powszechne stosowanie emulsyjnych cieczy obróbkowych do obróbki skrawaniem i do innych zastosowań (np. ciecze w układach chłodzenia) jest przyczyną powstawania dużych ilości szczególnie trwałych i uciążliwych w utylizacji 2 ÷ 5% emulsji olejowych. Ciecz obróbkowa powinna po określonym czasie stosowania być wymieniona na świeżą, ponieważ jej właściwości użytkowe ulegają stałemu pogarszaniu wskutek procesu starzenia, rozwoju mikroorganizmów i zanieczyszczenia ciałami stałymi: wiórami, szlamem, produktami korozji, pyłami atmosferycznymi, olejami przeciekowymi (z układów hydraulicznych lub smarowania). Aby nie zanieczyszczać środowiska bezwzględnie konieczne jest unieszkodliwiane cieczy obróbkowych przed zrzutem do ścieków (sieci kanalizacji komunalnej). Opracowana technologia neutralizacji zużytych emulsji olejowych Rotresel oparta jest na metodzie elektrostatyczno-elektrolitycznej, należącej do grupy metod elektrochemicznych unieszkodliwiania tego typu odpadów.

EN

Considerable amounts of 2 ÷ 5% oil emulsions, particularly durable and burdensome in utilisation, are produced by fluids commonly used for metal cutting and other applications, e.g. fluids in cooling system. A cutting fluid should be changed periodically, since its properties deteriorate with time. Ageing is due to formation of microorganisms and contamination by solids: chips, slime, corrosion products, atmospheric dusts and leakage from hydraulic systems or lubricants. It is utterly essential not to contaminate the environment by allowing cutting fluids to enter communal network sewers, so these fluids should be neutralised by then. The Rotresel technology of neutralization of oil emulsions is based on the electrostatic-electrolytic method, one of the electrochemical methods of dealing with this type of waste product.

7

Effectiveness of the use of willow tree (Salix viminalis) for wastewater treatment

Różanowski B., Michałowski M., Tora B., Cablik V., Cernotova L.

AGH Journal of Mining and Geoengineering

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2012

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Vol. 36, no. 4

159-165

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of willows to sewage sludge utilisation. Fast growing willow subspecies of Salix viminalis was planted on sewage settlement tank in mechanical and biological sewage treatment in Zakliczyn near Tarnów. The physicochemical properties of samples of sludge were determined. It was shown that willows planted on sewage sludge accumulate substantial amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals from their environment and therefore decrease the content of these elements in the sludge. The results indicate that willows Salix viminalis, particularly its fast-growing subspecies, are effective in sewage sludge utilisation.

PL

Celem tego badania było określenie stosowalności wierzby w zakresie oczyszczania ścieków. Zasadzono szybko rosnące podgatunki wierzby Salix viminalis w osadniku ściekowym w celu mechanicznego i biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków w Zakliczynie obok Tarnowa. Właściwości fizykochemiczne próbek ścieku zostały zbadane. Wykazano, że zasadzone wierzby akumulują znaczące ilości azotu, fosforu i metali ciężkich ze swego środowiska a tym samym zmniejszają zawartość tych pierwiastków w ścieku. Wyniki wskazują, że wierzba Salix viminalis jest bardzo szybko rosnącym podgatunkiem i jest efektywna w procesie oczyszczania ścieków.

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Gospodarka osadowa w Naukowo-Badawczej Stacji Wodociągowej Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego

Wichowski P.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2006

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Vol. 15, No. 2

152--162

EN

The article includes technological calculations of the parameters of volume and weight balance of washings from iron and manganese removers. Research results of the variability distribution of dry substance in washing waters have been presented in the function of duration of filter washing, as well as results of sediment settling research. The conducted research allowed to optimise the frequency and duration of washing, and as a result to improve the efficiency of settling tank functioning. It also contributed to a less consumption of water for the station’s technological purposes.