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1

Effect of calcite and mica contents in nepheline syenite samples on the ceramic body sintering behaviours and surface roughness

Durgut Emrah, Cinar Mustafa, Ozdemir Orhan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 149179

EN

In this study, the effects of calcite and mica contents in nepheline syenite (NS) samples beneficiated by high intensity dry magnetic separation and flotation methods on ceramic bodies were investigated in detail. The NS samples were, first, sintered to observe the physical and surface roughness properties, and characterized based on the change of NS samples such as color, shrinkage, water absorption, and surface roughness after the sintering process. L-a-b color and Ra, Rz, Rt values for the NS samples were determined. The decrease in calcite and mica contents affected the surface of sintered specimens positively by reducing roughness values. Additionally, the water absorption values were found to be directly proportional to Ra values for unglazed surfaces. In conclusion, calcite and mica minerals in NS samples negatively affected surface quality by forming pinholes due to dehydroxylation and outgassing reactions in the sintering process.

2

Mineral beneficiation of nepheline syenite with combination of dry magnetic separation and flotation methods

Çınar Mustafa, Durgut Emrah

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1227--1238

EN

Nepheline syenite is an important raw material for ceramic body composition as a melting agent. However, impurities such as iron, titanium, mica, and calcite minerals in nepheline syenite can lead to quality problems on the surface of floor tile because of different sintering properties. Therefore, these impurities should be eliminated from syenite before sintering process to increase its quality while reducing economic and environmental impacts. In this study, it was aimed to reduce impurities of nepheline syenite using dry magnetic separation and flotation methods. The dry magnetic separation results showed that the amount of TiO2+Fe2O3 in the sample decreased from 2.50% to 0.06%. In additio to this, optimum flotation conditions were determined while separating calcite, mica, and further iron bearing minerals from the nepheline syenite by using sequential flotation method. The optimum flotation conditions for calcite flotation were determined as natural pH: 7.9 and 500 g/Mg DER NA7 collector dosage; for mica removal pH: 3.1 and 500 g/Mg Custamine 9024 or A4 collector dosage. After overall mineral beneficiation experiments, albite+microcline mineral content increased from 78% to 97%. In conclusion, a clean concentrate for ceramic body and frit composition quality was gained from nepheline syenite containing high amount of Fe2O3 and TiO2 with dry magnetic separation and flotation experiments.

3

Characterization and production of Turkish nepheline syenites for industrial applications

Kangal Murat Olgaç, Bulut Gülay, Yeşilyur Zeynep, Basturkcu Huseyin, Burat Fırat

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 3

605--616

EN

Nepheline syenite, which is a silica-poor crystalline rock, competes with feldspar in applications such as glass, ceramic filler, and pigment industries. While its appearance is medium coarse granular like granite, main differences between them are nepheline syenite is silica poor, and contains high alumina and alkali content. Turkey has considerable nepheline syenite deposits in Kırşehir Region, and they contain 1.3% Fe2O3 on average, thus cannot be used unless beneficiated by flotation or/and magnetic separation. In this paper, physical and physicochemical experiments were carried out to improve the quality of nepheline syenite ore. After determinations of chemical, mineralogical, and properties of the sample, three different technologies such as flotation, magnetic separation, and leaching were applied on the ore sample, separately and combined. The obtained results showed that the magnetic separation alone could not produce a nepheline syenite concentrate assaying 0.45% Fe2O3. It was not also possible to obtain a nepheline concentrate less than 0.25% Fe2O3 adapting optimum flotation conditions. The best results were found in combination of the high intensity wet magnetic separation and flotation between -212+63 μm particle size, and a final concentrate with 0.20% Fe2O3 and 0.01% TiO2 was obtained. The leaching experiments were conducted to further decrease Fe2O3 content. Finally, a saleable nepheline syenite concentrate for tile, sanitary ware, electrode, glass, and fiberglass industries was obtained with 6.63% K2O, 9.02% Na2O, 0.15% Fe2O3, and 0.01% TiO2 by the weight of 63.9% at the end of the experiments.

4

Podaż surowców skaleniowych w Polsce ze źródeł krajowych i zagranicznych w świetle potrzeb rynku

Lewicka E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 6

392--399

EN

The paper presents characteristics of the domestic market of feldspathic raw materials, analysing the most important features that influenced the supply and demand in the past decades as well as changes which have taken place in recent years due to economic crisis in western countries at the turn of 2008 and 2009 and the ongoing military conflict in the East, initiated in 2014. In this context, the quality requirements related to feldspar raw materials utilized in the ceramic and glass-making industries being their main users are depicted. In Poland, from the mid-1990s to the end of the first decade of the 21th century the growth in demandfor these materials was observed, mostly due to the expansion of the domestic ceramic tiles industry. That resulted in the necessity of supplementing of the domestic production by increasing importation, coming not only from traditional suppliers, such as the Czech Republic and Scandinavian countries, but also - since 2002 -from Turkey. This article presents the most important current foreign suppliers of feldspathic raw materials to Poland, describing the sources of these raw materials as well as the quality characteristics of the most important ones.

5

Dry versus wet upgrading of nepheline syenite ores

Ahmed H. A. M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2011

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Vol. 46

107-118

EN

Under strict specifications regarding its iron, alumina, and alkali contents, nephelyine synite has a wide range of applications as filler, pigment and extender besides its usage in glass and ceramic industries. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has huge nepheline syenite deposits in SAWDA mountain. Unfortunately, the ore is of low grade as to its high iron content (7.68% Fe2O3) and low alumina (17.38% Al2O3), and thus cannot be used in any of the previously mentioned industries as mined. This paper aims at investigating the amenability of processing the ore to meet market specifications. In the investigation two different technologies, dry and wet, are considered. The first is magnetic separation as a dry upgrading technique while the second is flotation as the wet upgrading technique. In applying magnetic separation technique the cross belt dings magnetic separator was used. The main studied variables were applied field intensity, separator belt speed, feed rate, and feed size, while the collector dosages were tested for upgrading the ore by flotation technology in a Denver D-12 flotation cell. The obtained results showed that magnetic separation can never produce nepheline concentrates having Fe2O3 less than 0.85%. It was also found that at optimum flotation conditions the nepheline concentrates have Fe2O3 content not less than 0.40%. However, combining the two techniques i.e. applying flotation under optimum conditions for cleaning of the previously obtained magnetic concentrate resulted in a final concentrate of 0.09% Fe2O3 with Al2O3 content of 23.58%. The produced concentrate can be used in many industrial applications, especially in glass and ceramics production.

PL

Nefelin sjenitowy ma zastosowanie jako wypełniacz, pigment oraz jako składnik szkła i ceramiki. Królestwo Arabii Saudyjskiej ma duże złoża nefelinu sjenitowego, które występują w Górach Sawda. Są one jednak niskiej jakości, ze względu na wysoką zawartość żelaza (7.68% Fe2O3) oraz niska zawartość Al2O3 (17.38%). W pracy badano ich wzbogacanie metodą magnetyczna na sucho i flotacyjną na mokro. Badano wpływ natężenia pola magnetycznego, prędkość taśmy, prędkości podawania nadawy oraz uziarnienia, a flotację prowadzono w maszynce Denver D-12 badając zużycie kolektora. Separacja magnetyczna pozwala na otrzymywanie koncentratów nefelinowych posiadających jednak więcej niż 0.85% Fe2O3, podczas gdy flotacja mogła dostarczać koncentratów zawierających nie więcej niż 0.40% Fe2O3. Łącząc obie techniki tj. dokonując flotacji w optymalnych warunkach uprzednio wzbogacanego na sucho materiału, otrzymano końcowy koncentrat zawierający 0.09% Fe2O3, przy zawartości Al2O3 wynoszącej 23.58%. Otrzymane koncentraty mogą być użyte w wielu przemysłach, zwłaszcza do produkcji szkła i ceramiki.

6

Planning of quarrying operations of ornamental stones in northern Portugal by using cut-off grade as a criterion of quality control

Torres V. F. N., Da Gama C. D., Singh R. N., Qiang X.

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 56, no 4

711-725

EN

The planning of quarrying operations of ornamental stones has unfortunately not achieved much success, in the past, in relation to quarry planning and control. The present paper presents an innovative methodology utilizing the concept of cut-off grade as a quality control criterion of nepheline syenite production in the Monqchiue quarry during the production of ornamental stones blocks of four different qualities. This innovative management approach is considered to be the first successful attempt of ornamental stone quarry management with excellent results.

PL

W przeszłości, w odniesieniu do planowania i kontroli wydobycia, planowanie operacji wydobywania kamieni ozdobnych nie należało do udanych. W pracy zaprezentowano nowatorską metodę wykorzystania koncepcji wartości brzeżnej jako kryterium kontroli jakości w produkcji sjenitu nefelinowego w kamieniołomie Monquichiue w trakcie produkcji bloków kamieni ozdobnych o czterech różnych właściwościach. To nowatorskie podejście uznawane jest za pierwszą udaną próbę zarządzania wydobyciem kamieni ozdobnych przynoszącym doskonałe rezultaty.

7

Conditions of the feldspathic raw materials supply from domestic and foreign sources in Poland

Lewicka E.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2010

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T. 26, z. 4

5-19

EN

The paper characterizes the domestic market for feldspathic raw materials, describing the most important features that influenced the supply, demand and end-use pattern. In Poland, since the mid-1990s the increase in demand for these materials have been observed. That has followed the expansion of the domestic tile industry, including the implementation of fast firing technology and development of porcelain stoneware tiles manufacturing. Thus resulted in the necessity of supplementing of the domestic production by increasing imports, coming not only from traditional suppliers, such as the Czech Republic and Scandinavian countries, but also from Turkey - a new one, emerged only in 2002. In a few years the last one turned to one of the largest Polish contractors, delivering good quality sodium feldspar, frequently obtained in course of simple processing. The article presents the most important foreign suppliers of feldspathic raw materials, emphasizing the sources of their obtaining. As one of the Polish producers - the Pol-Skal - stopped the production in 2010, and - as a consequence - domestic supply was reduced, an inevitable increase in imports should be anticipated in the forthcoming years, especially from Turkey, and other countries as well. Such a scenario will be attainable if the disadvantageous tendencies observed in 2009 in the construction industry are overcome, and the production of ceramic goods, especially tiles, is continued at least at the level recorded so far.

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano krajowy rynek surowców skaleniowych, omawiając najważniejsze zjawiska decydujące o kształtowaniu się rodzimej podaży i popytu oraz kierunki wykorzystania tych surowców. W Polsce, począwszy od połowy lat dziewięćdziesiątych, datuje się wyraźne ożywienie zapotrzebowania na te surowce, którego przyczyną była ekspansja krajowego przemysłu płytek ceramicznych, a zwłaszcza wdrożenie technologii szybkiego wypalania i rozwój produkcji płytek gresowych. Spowodowało to konieczność uzupełniania krajowej podaży surowców skaleniowo-kwarcowych importem. Rosnące ilości surowców skaleniowych zaczęły być sprowadzane nie tylko z tradycyjnych kierunków, jak Czechy czy kraje skandynawskie, ale także - od 2002 r. - z Turcji. Ta ostatnia stała się w ciągu kilku lat jednym z głównych polskich kontrahentów, dostarczając dobrej jakości surowce sodowe, pozyskiwanie nierzadko na drodze prostej przeróbki mechanicznej. Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę najważniejszych zagranicznych dostawców surowców skaleniowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem źródeł pozyskiwania surowców sprowadzanych do Polski. W związku ze wstrzymaniem w 2010 r. produkcji surowców skaleniowych przez jednego z krajowych producentów - firmę Pol-Skal - i w konsekwencji ograniczeniem rodzimej podaży przewiduje się, że w najbliższych latach nastąpi wzrost wielkości importu, zwłaszcza z Turcji, a także innych kierunków. Będzie to jednak uzależnione od przełamania niekorzystnych tendencji w budownictwie, jakie zarysowały się w 2009 r., oraz utrzymania produkcji wyrobów ceramicznych, zwłaszcza płytek, na co najmniej dotychczasowym poziomie.

8

Investigation on possibility of opaque minerals removal from foid bearing rock

Ozun S., Atalay U., Kadioglu Y. K.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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2009

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R. 33, z. 4

269-276

EN

Foid bearing rocks are one of the most major felsic intrusive rocks of Central Anatolian Crystalline complex (CACC) which are observed at the inner part of central Anatolia, Kirsehir, Turkey. Foid bearing rocks are mainly constituted from three different subunits: nepheline syenite, nepheline diorite and nepheline gabro. Nepheline syenite is represented the abundant lithological composition of alkaline magmatic rocks in the region. In this study the removal of mica, (ilmenite) iron-titanium oxide and magnetite minerals in Nepheline Syenite rocks from Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey is investigated by flotation at alkali condition following to this high intensity wet magnetic seperation (HIWMS) was applied. The best results were obtained from - 106 + 38 microns particle sizes nepheline syenite feed. A concentrate with 7.84% K2O, 11.22% Na2O, 0.22% Fe2O3 and 0.01% TiO2 content was produced with of 62.5% recovery by weight.

PL

Skały plutonowe są jednymi z najbardziej intruzyjnymi skałami w Centralnym Kompleksie Krystalicznym Anatolii (CACC), które są obserwowane w wewnętrznej części centralnej Anatolii, Kirsehir, Turcja. Są one złożone głównie z trzech głównych podjednostek: sjenitu nefelinu, diorytu nefelinu oraz gabra nefelinu. Sjenit nefelinu jest reprezentowany licznie przez związki litologiczne zasadowych skał magmowych w regionie. W pracy, zbadano procent usunięcia miki, tlenku żelazowo-tytanowego (ilmenitu) oraz minerałów magnetycznych w skałach sjenitu nefelinu z regionu CACC, za pomocą flotacji przeprowadzanej w środowisku zasadowym oraz intensywnej separacji magnetycznej na mokro (HIWMS). Najlepsze wyniki otrzymano dla nadawy sjenitu nefelinu o uziarnieniu od - 106 + 38 mikronów. Koncentrat o zawartości 7,84% K2O, 11,22% Na2O, 0,22% Fe2O3 oraz 0,01% TiO2 został wyprodukowany przy 62,5% uzysku wagowego.