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Megality kujawskie : pierwszy etap badań geologicznych zabytków sprzed 5500 lat

Ruszkowski Michał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 2

97--99

EN

In the Kujawy region central Poland, near the villages of Wietrzychowice and Sarnowo, there are the largest megalithic tombs in Europe (the so-called Kujawskie Tombs), with a length of ~18 m to ~150 m. They date back to the Funnel Beaker Culture (3700-1900 BC). These are the largest earth and rock structures from the Neolithic period. Several thousand erratic boulders left behind by the sheet were used for their construction. Until now, they have not been the subject of geological and geophysical research. This paper presents the preliminary results of fieldwork carried out in the seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019.

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Gabinet zabytków w Instytucie Archeologii UMK : małe muzeum

Połeć Hanna, Raś Maria

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 8

678--680

EN

In the Archaeology Institute of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń there is a room fitted with a interesting way. The cabinet of relics is a unique scientific idea of presenting objects that were acquired during excavations. In the cabinet there are numerous gathered relics that were found in the Polish land. The oldest are dated to 100 000years. The objects were made of different materials, including wood, metal, or antlers, bones and clay.

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Unexpected discovery of the Funnel Beaker culture feature at the Kraków Spadzista (Kraków-Zwierzyniec 4) site

Wlczyński Jarosław, Nowak Marek, Mueller-Bieniek Aldona, Kapcia Magda, Moskal-del Hoyo Magdalena

Folia Quaternaria

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2019

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nr 87

5--26

EN

The paper presents a Neolithic feature discovered in trench G of the widely-known Paleolithic Gravettian site at Kraków Spadzista. Pottery and lithic artefacts as well as archaeobotanical data and radiocarbon dates demonstrate the existence of a stable human occupation with an agricultural economy. Due to the small number of distinctive fragments of pottery, both the Wyciąże-Złotniki group and the Funnel Beaker culture have to be taken into account in the discussion on the cultural attribution of the feature. The obtained absolute dates make a connection with the latter unit more probable.

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The Baden Culture finds from Goszcza site 1 (Kielnik): new archaeological, anthropological, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical data

Nowak Maciej, Wilczyński Jarosław, Wróbel Jarosław, Kapcia Magda, Moskal-del Hoyo Magdalena

Folia Quaternaria

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2019

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nr 87

27--58

EN

In spring 2019, rescue excavations were conducted at Goszcza 1 (Kielnik) site in connection with construction of a dwelling house. As a result, eleven archaeological features of various chronology were identified. The most abundant materials, dating to the Late Classic period of the Baden culture in Lesser Poland (the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 3th millennium BC), were found in four pits. At the bottom of two features (nos 4 and 6) human skeletons were discovered. In the present study, only materials discovered in features attributed to the Baden culture are discussed, including pottery finds, flint artefacts, and fragments of human and animal bones. Macroscopic plant remains coming from three archaeological features have also been investigated.

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Neolityczne narzędzia z metabazytów typu Jizerské hory (Masyw Czeski) na obszarze Polski

Krystek M., Młodecka H., Polański K., Szydłowski M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 444

113--123

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań surowców skalnych neolitycznych narzędzi kamiennych, pochodzących z sześciu stanowisk archeologicznych zlokalizowanych na obszarze Polski, należących do kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej. Przeprowadzono analizy petrograficzne surowców na mikroskopie polaryzacyjnym oraz badania mineralogiczne na mikroskopie elektronowym (SEM) z mikrosondą energetyczną (EDS) oraz na dyfraktometrze (XRD). Na podstawie porównania uzyskanych wyników z danymi literaturowymi, z dużym prawdopodobieństwem można stwierdzić, że badane surowce narzędzi wykazują największą zbieżność cech z metabazytami typu Jizerské hory, których neolityczne kopalnie odkryto na początku XXI w. w okolicach Tanvaldu (Masyw Czeski). Na tę proweniencję wskazuje również podobieństwo form narzędzi ze stanowisk archeologicznych do form występujących na obszarze neolitycznych kopalń, a także ich wiek. Przeprowadzone badania po raz pierwszy potwierdzają import narzędzi z metabazytów typu Jizerské hory na obszar Kujaw, Małopolski i Pomorza.

EN

The paper presents the results of rock material analysis of Neolithic stone tools from six archaeological sites located in the territory of Poland, which belong to the Linear Band Pottery Culture. The materials underwent a petrographic analysis on the polarising microscope and a mineralogical analysis on the electron microscope (SEM) with energetic microprobe (EDS). A diffractometer (XRD) was also used. As a result of comparative analysis of the results with literature data, it can be concluded with a high probability that the materials show the greatest similarity to the Jizerské hory-type metabasites mined in Neolithic mines discovered at the beginning of the 21st century near Tanvald (Bohemian Massif). This provenance is also indicated by both the similarity of the tools from archaeological sites to those found in the Neolithic mines, and their age. The research confirms for the first time that tools made of Jizerské hory-type metabasites were imported to the territory of Kujawy, Małopolska and Pomerania.

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Ewolucja doliny Darżyńskiej Strugi jako efekt procesów naturalnych i antropogenicznych

Florek W., Majewski M., Machajewski H., Gałka M., Pajewska J.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

43--52

PL

Badany obszar był przez ponad 30 lat przedmiotem zainteresowań archeologów, którzy odkryli tu wielokulturowe stanowisko obejmujące niemal cały okres od schyłku neolitu po wczesne średniowiecze.Wlatach 80. ubiegłego wieku wykonano pierwsze prace geomorfologiczne i geologiczne, które dały obraz daleko idących zmian dna doliny i ich zboczy, ale nie dały jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie przyczyny i w jakim okresie je spowodowały.Wostatnim czasie przeprowadzono rozpoznanie paleobotaniczne, które wskazało przede wszystkim na istnienie wielu luk sedymentacyjnych w osadach organicznych, ale dostarczyło też dowody na znaczne przekształcenia środowiska doliny Darżyńskiej Strugi, które dokonywały się zarówno u schyłku plejstocenu, jak i w średniowieczu.

EN

The investigated area has been researched by archaeologists, who discovered a multi-cultural site spanning the period from the latest Neolithic to the early medieval times, for more than 30 years. The first geomorphological and geological study, carried out in the 1980s, led to the recognition of substantial changes in the morphology of the valley floor and the valley sides, but left the question of their causes open. The more recent palaeobotanical prospecting revealed numerous hiatuses in the organic sedimentary record and indicated considerable environmental change in the Darżyńska Struga valley which took place in the latest Pleistocene and in the Middle Ages.In the latest Pleistocene the direction of meltwater drainage was to the south, using a part of marginal esker depression. After the valley of Łupawa was incepted, meltwater eroded a valley tract which is now the lower reach of the Darżyńska Struga. An erosional pavement (bed armour) originated in this way, currently underlying the valley fill. Parallel to climate change and increase in rainfall, particularly after the climatic optimum, peat accumulation commenced. In the Subboreal period Neolithic settlements were established in the proximity of the valley, quickly followed by intense denudational processes. The respective deposit is sandy diamicton of agricultural origin, prograding from the slopes onto the valley floor. Alluviation took place in the Middle Ages, as testified by pollen analysis and macrofossils from peat sediments, and was the consequence of floods redistributing slope sediments over peaty substratum. In the recent times channelization and drainage works have resulted in water level lowering in both the channel and within the floodplain.