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Housing as a mediator between the public and private realms; a comparison between housing tissues in Krakow and Oxford

Kantarek Agata, Samuels Ivor

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2021

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nr 37

14--25

EN

This paper traces how very different patterns of historical development of two cities have impacted on their housing tissues as they have evolved over the last 200 years. Using cases from Krakow and Oxford, a selection of urban tissues will be investigated in relation to the way the housing unit, whether house or apartment, relates to the public realm of the city. The chosen cases exemplify the difference between English cities, predominantly of terraced, semidetached or single houses, and Continental European cities which have predominantly evolved as apartment tissues. This difference is emphasized by recent figures showing the different proportions of house types in European countries. The way these tissues have evolved in relation to broader social and political contexts is discussed. Finally the argument is brought up to date by considering ways the concepts of modernism and recent global forces are imposing similar patterns of development in both cases. The authors in addition to their academic affiliations have had considerable practical experience in the field of housing in their respective contexts.

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Przedstawienia przestrzeni w formie pozytywu i negatywu

Wąsowicz Magdalena

Builder

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2021

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R.25, nr 12

74--77

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono porównanie przedstawień przestrzeni dokonanych przez Christophera Alexandra, Rudolfa Arnheima i Yoshinobu Ashiharę. Ich cechą wspólną jest zastosowanie pojęć positive space (przestrzeń pozytywowa) oraz negative space (przestrzeń negatywowa), sformułowanych w oparciu o zjawiska zaczerpnięte z psychologii postaci. Analiza literaturowa nie wskazuje na wykształcenie jednoznacznych definicji tych terminów. Przestrzeń pozytywową i negatywową określa się w odniesieniu do właściwości geometrycznych układu urbanistycznego, jego funkcjonalności, jak również charakterystyki jej postrzegania przez obserwatora, a nawet czynnika intencji twórczej projektanta.

EN

This paper compares the representations of spaces made by Christopher Alexander, Rudolf Arnheim, and Yoshinobu Ashihara. Their common feature is the use of the concepts of "positive space" and "negative space" formulated on the basis of phenomena drawn from Gestalt psychology. The literature analysis does not indicate the development of uniform definitions of these terms. Positive and negative space is defined in relation to the geometric properties of the urban layout, its functionality, as well as the characteristics of its perception by the observer and even the factor of the designer's creative intention.

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Przestrzeń pozytywowa - wyznaczenie granic terytorium artysty

Cybis J.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2003

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R. 100, z. 8-A

19--28

EN

The opposition positive - negative became applicable as an element of architectural composition. Using the terms of positive and negative space was an attempt to explain the difference between the way of shaping the urban space of a traditional and twenthieth century city. The positive space is intentional, the one that obtained a special meaning from it's creator, as for the negative space, it's the consequence, the result of creating (isolating) the positive space. In nature, marking the territory is an attribute of many species. Man is also a territorial creature, which defines it's place on Earth by shaping the cultural environment. Architecture is an art of a crucial meaning in marking a man's territory. The integrity of an architectural work, the expressiveness of it's space are the conditions of fulfilling that function.