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1
Content available The directional error curve as booth elliptical lemniscate
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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2014
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nr 38 (110)
15--19
EN
There are two aspects of position coordinates accuracy in navigation: global accuracy and local accuracy – relative to navigational dangers. The latter case refers to the assessment of position (distance) accuracy in respect to the nearest navigational danger, a hazard to navigation. The directional error is a relevant measure for such assessment. The directional error curve is analyzed in this article as a particular case of the Booth elliptical lemniscate. The curve graph illustrates the confidence interval of point position errors in a given direction (about 68%).
2
Content available Determination of ship approach parameters in the polar coordinates system
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics
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2014
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Vol. 96
1--8
EN
An essential aspect of the safety of navigation is avoiding collisions with other vessels and natural or man made navigational obstructions. To solve this kind of problem the navigator relies on automatic anti-collision ARPA systems, or uses a geometric method and makes radar plots. In both cases radar measurements are made: bearing (or relative bearing) on the target position and distance, both naturally expressed in the polar coordinates system originating at the radar antenna. We first convert original measurements to an ortho-Cartesian coordinate system. Then we solve collision avoiding problems in rectangular planar coordinates, and the results are transformed to the polar coordinate system. This article presents a method for an analysis of a collision situation at sea performed directly in the polar coordinate system. This approach enables a simpler geometric interpretation of a collision situation.
3
Content available The influence of coordinates error of navigational marks on the accuracy of position in radar navigation
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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2012
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nr 31 (103)
24-28
EN
Terrestrial navigation is one of the method of parametric navigation, i.e. a method of fix determination. Recently the method has become quite common again thanks to automated measurements of navigational parameters (radar navigation, radio direction finders and others) and connection with the ECDIS. The accuracy of position coordinates determined by such method is affected by navigational measurement errors and the accuracy of navigational mark coordinates used for position determination. The coordinates values are obtained from nautical publications (including charted data) or from an electronic chart data base. This article presents an original method for an analysis of how the accuracy of navigational mark coordinates affects the accuracy of ship’s fix. Considerations are supplemented with an example of the most common terrestrial position determination in marine navigation.
4
Content available The determination of ship’s speed and acceleration vectors based on satellite measurements
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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2012
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nr 29 (101)
5-9
EN
In the general case measurements performed in navigation are those of position coordinates - points on the trajectory, and trajectory derivatives - speed vector and acceleration vector. Due to the occurrence of systematic and random errors, there is no full conformity of results obtained from measurements by various navigational instruments and systems in the mathematical model of the process of navigation, as well as in specific measurement models. This study attempts to compare trajectories, speeds and accelerations determined by different measurement tools (navigational equipment and systems). The results may be used in an analysis of measurement reliability and of the correct performance of navigational systems and equipment. A comparison of various sources of information also allows to detect and identify systematic errors, so that, consequently, mathematical models of specific phenomena and processes can be verified.
PL
W nawigacji wykonywane są pomiary współrzędnych pozycji – punkty na trajektorii oraz pochodnych trajektorii – wektor prędkości i wektor przyspieszeń. Ze względu na pojawianie się błędów systematycznych i losowych, zarówno w modelu matematycznym procesu nawigacji, jak i w poszczególnych modelach pomiarowych, nie występuje pełna zgodność wyników pomiarów wykonywanych za pomocą różnych urządzeń i systemów nawigacyjnych. W prezentowanym artykule podjęto próbę porównania trajektorii, prędkości i przyspieszeń określonych różnymi narzędziami pomiarowymi (urządzeniami i systemami nawigacyjnymi). Wyniki mogą być wykorzystane w analizie wiarygodności pomiarów oraz poprawności pracy urządzeń i systemów nawigacyjnych. Porównanie różnych źródeł informacji umożliwia również wykrycie i identyfikację błędów systematycznych, a efektem tego może być weryfikacja modeli matematycznych poszczególnych zjawisk i procesów.
5
Content available A fusion method of navigational data from non-simultaneous satellite measurements
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2010
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z. 1/88
45-53
EN
The sequential method of integrating navigartional parameters obtained from non-simultaneous navigational measurements is presented. The proposed algorithm of position coordinates estimation is general and includes two modes of data processing - from simultaneous and non-simultaneous measurements. It can be used in hybrid receivers of radionavigation systems integrating non-homogeneous position lines or in integrated navigation systems, particulary in receivers combining the measurements of various satellite navigation systems.
6
Content available remote Sequential integration of measurements of navigational position parameters
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Geodesy and Cartography
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2010
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Vol. 59, no 1
29-38
EN
The sequential method of integrating navigational parameters obtained from nonsimultaneous navigational measurements is presented. The proposed algorithm of position coordinates estimation is general and includes two modes of data processing - from simultaneous and non-simultaneous measurements. It can be used in hybrid receivers of radionavigation systems integrating non-homogeneous position lines or in integrated navigation systems, particularly in receivers combining the measurements of various satellite navigation systems.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono sekwencyjną metodę integracji parametrów nawigacyjnych pochodzących z niejednoczesnych pomiarów nawigacyjnych. Zaproponowany w niej algorytm estymacji współrzędnych pozycji jest ogólny i zawiera w sobie dwa przypadki opracowywania pomiarów - jednoczesnych i niejednoczesnych. Może on być wykorzystany w hybrydowych odbiornikach systemów radionawigacyjnych integrujących niejednorodne linie pozycyjne lub w zintegrowanych systemach nawigacyjnych, a w szczególności w odbiornikach łączących pomiary różnych nawigacyjnych systemów satelitarnych.
7
Content available Multi-sensor navigational measurements fusion
Banachowicz A., Wolski A.
Archives of Transport System Telematics
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2010
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Vol. 3, iss. 1
29-33
EN
The method of integrating navigational parameters obtained from non-simultaneous navigational measurements is presented. The proposed algorithm of position coordinates estimation is general and includes two modes of data processing – from simultaneous and non-simultaneous measurements. It can be used in hybrid receivers of radionavigation systems integrating non-homogeneous position lines or in integrated navigation systems, particularly in receivers combining the measurements of various satellite navigation systems.
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