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Dyskusja o problemach nauk geologicznych i górniczych w świetle nowej ustawy o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce

Naworyta Wojciech

Przegląd Górniczy

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2020

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T. 76, nr 11-12

1--5

PL

W artykule wyjaśniono specyfikę nauk geologicznych i górniczych, związek ze złożem, warunkami górotworu i otoczenia oraz wynikające stąd konsekwencje dla możliwości szerokiego adaptowania rozwiązań. Opisano niektóre patologie w dziedzinie publikacyjności oraz negatywne efekty uboczne wprowadzonych zmian w przepisach o szkolnictwie wyższym. Wskazano zagadnienia, których rozwiązania pilnie potrzebuje branża górnicza, które jednak ze względu na swoją specyfikę nie mają wpływu na poprawę oceny dorobku naukowego w rygorach nowej ustawy. Wśród nich wymieniono skomplikowane przepisy prawne z obszaru górnictwa i geologii oraz ochrony środowiska, które ustawicznie nowelizowane skutecznie utrudniają, a czasem uniemożliwiają działalność gospodarczą w branży surowcowej.

EN

The article explains the specificity of geological and mining sciences, the relationship with the deposit, the conditions of the rock mass and the surrounding area, and the resulting consequences for the possibility of a wide adaptation of solutions. Some pathologies in the field of publishing have been described as well as negative side effects of the changes introduced in the regulations on higher education. Issues indicated, the solutions of which urgently needed by the mining industry, which, due to their specificity, do not improve the evaluation of scientific achievements in the terms of the new act. They include complex legal regulations in the field of mining, geology and environmental protection, which, when constantly amended, effectively hinder and sometimes prevent economic activity in the raw materials industry.

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Two hundred years of geological sciences at the University of Warsaw

Szulczewski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

257--260

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Naukowa spuścizna Jeana Emmanuela Giliberta w Polsce (egzemplarze dzieł, recepcja)

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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R. 60, nr 1

185--215

EN

In order to locate copies of the works of Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) located in Poland, 54 libraries were selected for inquiry, chosen on the basis of their history or of the nature or size of their collections. So far, 27 libraries have responded to the inquiry. There are works of J.E. Gilibert stored in 14 of them. To date, 102 copies of different editions catalogued under Gilibert’s name have been recorded in libraries in Poland. These books were placed in these libraries in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, mainly as part of donations from private libraries. In Poland, the reception of the botanical works of J.E. Gilibert changed over time. Initially they were accepted uncritically (Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł, Józef Jundziłł). Over time, and with the increase in floristic data subsequent to the publication of Gilibert’s works, his treatises were cited less frequently. As early as the second half of the nineteenth century, Polish botanists mentioned them only occasionally. More accurate works, containing newer taxonomical considerations of species, effectively supplanted the works of Gilibert in scientific circulation. It is worth noting that for contemporary plant taxonomy, the botanical works of Gilibert are of no scientific value. Four of them (Flora lituanica inchoata, Exercitium botanicum, Caroli Linnaei botanicorum principis, Exercitia phytologica) are listed in Appendix V, ‘Opera Utique Oppressa’, of the 2006 Vienna Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Names appearing in these works in the rankings specified at the end of each listing (species and intraspecific taxa) are not accepted as valid.

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Geologiczny ogląd Wileńszczyzny J.E. Giliberta (1741-1814), pierwszego profesora historii naturalnej Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego

Tarkowski R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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R. 60, nr 1

165--183

EN

In 1775-1783, Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814) stayed in Respublica Poloniae to organize a veterinary school, the Royal Botanic Garden and the Royal School of Physicians in Grodno, and since 1781 he worked in Vilnius as Professor of Natural History at the Principal School of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Little is known about his work conducted in Lithuania in the field of geology and earth sciences. The author has decided, on the basis of Gilibert’s publications and analysis of the literature (works of J. Garbowska and P. Daszkiewicz and others), to present his teaching and research activities in this field. In Grodno, Gilibert looked after and multiplied the collections of the natural history cabinet at the Royal School of Physicians, renowned for its rich mineralogical and fossil collections watched and admired by, among others, King Stanisław August, J. Bernoulli (1744-1807) and M. Patrin (1742-1815) who mentions the amber rosary with a different species of insects preserved in each bead. Gilibert’s tours around Lithuania were the opportunity to enlarge the geological collections and to adapt them to the needs of the school. He also appreciated the importance of ordinary specimens representing the geology of the area. These specimens not only enriched the natural history cabinet, but also defined the way of working and collecting. Ha was the first to found and gather fossil animals from near Grodno. The signs of mineralogical and geological interests of Gilibert can be found in the works of other authors of that epoch (L. Viteta (1736-1809) and J. Bernoulli). In Vilnius, Gilibert conducted a one year-long full lecture on natural history (zoology, botany and mineralogy). In his lectures on mineralogy, he presented not only the systematics, but also emphasized the usefulness of minerals in medicine, for the production of ornamental items and in different sectors of the economy. He adapted the process of teaching to the needs of practical life, based on observations and experiments, and was using the local wildlife specimens in his lectures. Thanks to the French naturalist, the teaching of natural science remained at a good European level since the time the Department was founded at the University of Vilnius. A treatise on physical geography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is Gilibert’s best-known published work in Poland. Based on own observations, he determined, e.g., the causes of drying of ponds and marshes, as well as of the formation of peat, limonitic iron and ocher, the origin of rivers in Lithuania and the presence of amber, and described a number of fossils. He provided the characteristics of geological deposits (now included in the Quaternary), described their origin and age, and drew attention to the issues of dynamic geology (e.g. erosional activity of rainwater, river erosion, formation of sand dunes). From the period of his eight-year stay in Lithuania, Gilibert also submitted observations on the climate of Lithuania, documented by temperature measurements. He indicated that the climate of this part of Europe was milder than the French believed, with clearly noticeable two seasons: winter and summer. He pointed out that the autumn rains give rise to muddy areas persisting to the end of November, and the most severe frost, usually several days long, occurs in late December and January, when the winds blow from the northeast. June and July are typically the hottest months, but the northern winds sometimes cause July ground frosts. He compared Lithuania’s climate to that of the Alpine foreland. Gilibert was the first scholar who studied the natural environment of Lithuania based on scientific principles. Interesting are his observations on the amber resin, for example, unequivocal statement that amber is a resin, at the time when the idea was still much discussed. Worth noting are the geological elements in the physiographic description of Lithuania, published by Gilibert (1806) in Histoires des Plantes d’Europe. It should also be pointed to the methodological aspect of Gilibert’s works: the facts precede interpretations, the results are attempted to be universalized by transposition into areas other than those investigated by Gilibert, and the observations are linked with scientific theories, which were new at those times, in the field of geology, chemistry and physics. Gilibert’s descriptions were often the first ones available to the naturalists in western and southern Europe. They were all the more valuable that contained a lot of data on the geology, meteorology, physical geography etc., useful in various fields.

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Dorobek nauk geologicznych w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Skoczylas J.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2013

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T. 69, nr 7

106--111

PL

Artykuł dotyczy krytycznej analizy rozwoju i dorobku nauk geologicznych w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. W tym czasie wrócili do Polski geolodzy, którzy zdobywali doświadczenie, uznanie i stopnie naukowe poza granicami kraju. Pracowali przede wszystkim na uczelniach w Warszawie, Krakowie, Lwowie, Poznaniu i Wilnie, a także w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym w Warszawie oraz w Instytucie Naftowym w Borysławiu. Mimo wielu osiągnięć dotyczących odkrycia nowych złóż rud żelaza, złóż fosforytów, złóż węgla kamiennego, a także złóż ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego nauki geologiczne w tym czasie borykały się z wieloma trudnościami i przeciwnościami. Pewien dyskomfort w analizie osiągnięć geologii polskiej okresu międzywojennego następuje, gdy dokonamy porównań, za prof. Janem Nowakiem, dotyczących rozwoju geologii w Niemczech.

EN

This article presents a critical analysis of the development and achievements of geological science during the interwar period. It was the time when Polish geologists who were gaining experience, winning approval and academic degrees abroad, returned to the country. They were working at the universities in Warsaw, Cracow, Lvov, Poznan and Vilnius as well as in the State Geological Institute in Warsaw and Oil-Institute in Borislav. Despite many achievements as the discovery of new deposits of ore, iron, phosphorites, hard coal, crude oil and natural gas, the geological sciences struggled at the time with many difficulties and adversity. During the analysis of the Polish geology achievements in the interwar period, certain feeling of discomfort occurred, when comparing after the professor Jan Nowak with the development of geology in Germany.

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Drogi i bezdroża początków geologii w Polsce niepodległej

Skoczylas J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 5

364-368