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Protection of floristic diversity in the Sajna River valley – in view of the planned construction of hydroelectric power station in Sarkajmy

Łaska G.

Journal of Water and Land Development

2014

no. 20

45--56

The study was carried out to determine the floristic diversity in the Sajna River valley, in the region of direct and indirect impact of the hydroelectric power station planned to be built in the village of Sarkajmy. Phytosociological diversity of plant communities and floristic diversity were analysed taking into account the predicted influence of the planned power station on the Sajna River. The study was performed in 2010 using field methods and GIS localisation of analysed sites. 73 phytosociological surveys were made and particular floristic patches were identified. Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys were used to delimit the different plant communities and spot the sites of protected plant species. Thirteen plant communities were identified in the study area, five of which are of European importance that require protection within Natura 2000 sites. This group of plant communities comprises four forest plant communities (Salicetum albo-fragilis, Ficario-Ulmetum, Tilio-Carpinetum, Acer platanoides-Tilia cordata) and one herbaceous community (Urtico-Calystegietum). One species under strict protection (Daphne mezereum L.) and five species under partial protection (Viburnum opulus L., Ribes nigrum L., Asarum europaeum L., Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop., Eurhynchium striatum (Schreb. ex Hedw.) Schimp.) were noted. The presence of valuable natural habitats and protected species in the Sajna River valley indicates the natural potential of the area and illustrates its biological diversity. The studied area is threatened by negative impact of the hydroelectric power station planned to be built on the Sajna River, since water damming will flood the river terrace that will lead to the formation of a 7.25 ha pond of.

Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie różnorodności florystycznej doliny rzeki Sajna w bezpośredniej i pośredniej strefie oddziaływania planowanej budowy małej elektrowni wodnej w miejscowości Sarkajmy. Zakres pracy obejmuje analizę zmienności fitosocjologicznej zbiorowisk roślinnych i zmienności florystycznej w świetle oceny potencjalnego wpływu inwestycji na rzece Sajna. Badania prowadzono w 2010 r., wykorzystując metody terenowe połączone z techniką lokalizacji punktów badawczych za pomocą GIS. Łącznie wykonano 73 zdjęcia fitosocjologiczne i dokonano identyfikacji poszczególnych płatów roślinnych, a wykorzystując system globalnego pozycjonowania GPS, dokonano delimitacji zbiorowisk roślinnych i odnotowano stanowiska chronionych gatunków roślin. W badaniach szaty roślinnej badanego fragmentu doliny Sajny zidentyfikowano 13 zbiorowisk roślinnych, w tym pięć zbiorowisk o znaczeniu wspólnotowym, wymagających ochrony w formie wyznaczenia obszarów Natura 2000. Do grupy tej należą cztery zbiorowiska leśne (Salicetum albo-fragilis, Ficario-Ulmetum, Tilio- -Carpinetum, Acer platanoides-Tilia cordata) i jedno zbiorowisko ziołoroślowe (Urtico-Calystegietum). Wśród stanowisk chronionych gatunków roślin odnotowano występowanie jednego gatunku objętego ochroną ścisłą (Daphne mezereum L.) i pięć gatunków roślin objętych ochroną częściową (Viburnum opulus L., Ribes nigrum L., Asarum europaeum L., Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop., Eurhynchium striatum (Schreb. ex Hedw.) Schimp.). Obecność cennych siedlisk przyrodniczych i stanowisk chronionych gatunków roślin w dolinie rzeki Sajna świadczy o szczególnej wartości przyrodniczej i różnorodności biologicznej tego terenu. Zagrożeniem dla ich egzystencji jest planowana budowa elektrowni wodnej, która w wyniku piętrzenia wód przyczyni się do zalewu terasy rzecznej i powstania zbiornika wodnego o powierzchni 7,25 ha.

The morphological variability of Convallaria majalis L. in natural and cultivated populations in three regions of Poland

Kosiński I., Galera H., Chwedorzewska K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

Vol. 57, nr 3

473-482

Introducing indigenous plants into cultivation and breeding programs in order to obtain new taxa can create the undesirable effects and pose a real threat to natural populations. The main problem of our study was to assess whether the phenotypic characters might allow distinguishing cultivated Convallaria majalis from plants occurring in natural habitats. The range of phenotype variability of Convallaria majalis L. shoots from forests and gardens growing in different edaphic factors was studied in 2005-2006 in north (Gdańsk), central (Warsaw) and south (Cracow) regions of Poland. Ten or eleven forest locations and the same number of garden locations were designated in each region. The soil at the forest sites was poorer in phosphorus and calcium and more acidic than at the garden sites from which the cultivated plants were obtained. Thirty flowering shoots were collected from each study site. The numbers as well as size of flowers, size of racemes and leaves were investigated. The following hypotheses were formulated: (a) due to conscious and unconscious selection, cultivated plants should have more numerous and larger flowers and a longer inflorescence (these characters are most significant for the ornamental appearance of the plant) than plants growing in forests; (b) cultivated plants exhibit less phenotype variability than do natural populations. The forest plants from all the three regions together had, in comparison with garden plants, significantly shorter racemes with fewer flowers, a narrower and shorter perianth, and a longer lower leaf with a narrower and longer leaf blade. In the forest plants raceme length exhibited the highest variability while the lowest was noted in perianth length. More morphological differences were noted between the forest and garden plants than among those from the three different regions. The results obtained indicate that the level of variability in the studied characters was similar in forest and cultivated plants. A high level of variability in some morphological characters of lily of the valley probably stems from the high phenotype plasticity of this plant and the diversified biotope conditions in which it occurs. The significant differences between forest and garden plants could have been related to differences in habitat conditions.