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1

The use of natural fibers in stone mastic asphalt mixtures: a review of the literature

AlSaadi Israa, Tayh Sady A., Jasim Abbas F., Yousif Rana

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

347--370

EN

All over the world, highway traffic is increasing rapidly, as is the population and the road network. The country’s maximum and minimum temperatures also vary greatly. Moreover, the pavements are subjected to various types of damage. Pavement binders and mixtures are a constant area of research and development for scientists and engineers. Adding fibers to bituminous mixes may improve the properties of fatigue and strength of the material. Natural fibers may be used to improve asphalt mixtures performance due to their inherent compatibility with asphalt cement and excellent mechanical properties. Also, the high stone content and relatively high asphalt content in SMA mixture led to the occurrence of drain-down of the asphalt mastic from the mixture, and this problem requires the use of stabilizing additives such as cellulose fibers, mineral fibers, or polymers to mitigate this problem and ensure long-term performance. The most public sort of stabilizing additives is cellulose fiber. Overall, natural fibers in stone mastic asphalt mixes are discussed in this paper. An additional focus is on how asphalt concrete will be affected by natural fibers, mixing techniques, and managerial decisions. According to the review, the stabilizing and strengthening impact of natural fibers on the performance of asphalt mixes have been extensively researched. Natural fibers can significantly increase the rut and flow resistance of asphalt mixtures. Adding natural fibers to pavement can increase structural resistance to pavement distress.

2

The effect of natural Gongura roselle fiber on the mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS and PLA composites

Appusamy Anandha Moorthy, Nanjappan Natarajan, Eswaran Prakash, Subramanian Madheswaran

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 3

119--124

EN

The influence of the natural Gongura roselle fiber on the tensile and flexural properties as well as on Shore D hardness of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. The composites were printed in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D technique. The addition of natural fiber improved the mechanical properties of the tested composites, while the flexural strength, modulus and hardness were better in the case of ABS-based composite. Whereas, PLA-based composites showed higher tensile strength. The influence of the nozzle angle on the mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The best results have been obtained when using an angle of 0°.

PL

Zbadano wpływ naturalnego włókna Gongura roselle na właściwości mechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i zginaniu oraz twardość Shore’a D akrylonitrylu-butadienu-styrenu (ABS) i poli(kwasu mlekowego) (PLA). Kompozyty otrzymano metodą osadzania topionego materiału (FDM) w technice 3D. Dodatek naturalnego włókna poprawił właściwości mechaniczne badanych kompozytów, przy czym wytrzymałość na zginanie, moduł sprężystości i twardość były lepsze w przypadku kompozytu na osnowie ABS. Natomiast kompozyty na osnowie PLA miały większą wytrzymałość na rozciąganie. Zbadano również wpływ kąta ustawienia dyszy na właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano stosując kąt 0°.

3

Mechanical properties evaluation of banana fibre reinforced polymer composites: a review

Gairola Surya P., Tyagi Yogesh, Gupta Nitin

Acta Innovations

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2022

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no. 42

59--70

EN

In today's fast-developing world, the use of composite materials is closely related to environmental pollution, renewable and biodegradable resources. A researcher is looking for environmentally friendly materials. Natural and synthetic fibres come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Natural fibres include jute, straw wheat, rice husk banana fibre, pineapple leaf fibre, cotton, Sisal, Coir, Oats, and Bagasse. Every year, 13.5 tonnes of banana fibre are produced in India. Teabags, paper, and polymer composite reinforcement are just a few of the applications for banana fibre. This article focuses on the manufacture of banana fibre with epoxy and a variety of other natural fibres. By combining banana fibre with some current technology, waste will be reduced, and energy efficiency will be increased, all while supporting sustainability. Banana fibres are covered in this work, along with their uses, applications, and mechanical qualities, as well as how banana fibre might improve mechanical properties.

4

Investigations on tensile and flexural characteristics of fly ash and banana fiber-rein

Gopalan Venkatachalam, Sharma Shashank Kumar, Jangid Anil Kumar, Pragasam Vignesh, Satonkar Nilesh, Chinnaiyan Pandivelan

Engineering Transactions

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2020

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

89--101

EN

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) generally use the inorganic and non-biodegradable materials as reinforcements. This paper presents a PMC with reinforcement of fly ash and banana fiber. The epoxy resin is used as a matrix. This paper investigates the influences of the percentage of fly ash, the percentage of banana fiber and the size of banana fiber on tensile and flexural behaviors of fly ash and banana fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Taguchi’s orthogonal array is used in the design of the experiments in the sample preparations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to find the significance of input parameters on tensile and flexural behaviors.

5

Study of the Performance of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites for Wind Turbine Blade Applications

Batu Temesgen, Lemu Hirpa G, Sirhabizuh Belete

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 2

67--75

EN

The availability of some form of energy is essential for the human survival and social development. However, the way energy has been generated within the last century has brought forward the quest for the generation of energy without polluting the environment, which is nowadays considered to be the greatest global challenge. The materials used for wind turbine blades can be classified under this challenge of polluting the environment. One of the materials expected to reduce this problem is natural fiber reinforced composite (FRC). Thus, the focus of this paper was to evaluate the potential of different natural FRC materials for small wind turbine blade application. Eleven different natural fibers reinforced composite in epoxy resin were studied. A modified Halphin-Tsai semi-empirical model was used to compute the physical properties of the composites, since it has a good agreement with the experimental results. Stress, deformation, and weight of wind turbine blade under different loadings were analyzed aimed to search for a fiber type that may extend the life span of the blade. Finally, flap wise and edge wise, the longitudinal and torsional natural frequencies were computed numerically by using the finite element method in the Qblade software (QFEM) under different mode types and the effects were analysed. Upon comparing the results with a common composite material for wind turbine blade (E-glass/epoxy), it was observed that the selected natural fiber composites have equivalent and better mechanical performance. The environmental friendliness of natural fibers, i.e. biodegradability, constitutes their advantage as materials of wind turbine blades.

6

Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Huner U

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 9, nr 26

1--6

EN

Flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites were subjected to water immersion tests in order to study the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties. Epoxy composites specimens containing 0, 1, 5 and 10% fiber weight were prepared. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing specimens in a deionized water bath at 25 °C and 90 °C for different time durations. The tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens subjected to both aging conditions were evaluated and compared alongside dry composite specimens. The percentage of moisture uptake increased as the fiber volume fraction increased due to the high cellulose content. The tensile and flexural properties of reinforced epoxy specimens were found to decrease with increase in percentage moisture uptake. Moisture induced degradation of composite samples was significant at elevated temperature.

7

Improving the mechanical performance of PLA composites with natural, man-made cellulose and glass fibers — a comparison to PP counterparts

Jaszkiewicz A., Bledzki A. K., Franciszczak P.

Polimery

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2013

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T. 58, nr 6

435-442

EN

In the first part of this study, the improvement of mechanical performance of composites based on polylactide in comparison to petrochemical polypropylene is presented. This approach focuses on understanding the micromechanical aspects of brittle and ductile failure mechanisms of composites with natural fiber abaca, man-made cellulose and glass fiber. The basic principal is hereby the utilization of cellulosic fibers in a biogenic matrix polymer and the comparison to PP-based composites. The findings obtained in the first sections are the main essentials for the second part of this paper: further improvement of crash resistance of PLA composites. The main objective is to improve the mechanical parameters while the primarily targeting is on the impact strength of the brittle polylactide composites. In the course of this thesis, the ultimate proof of the reinforcing effects of cellulosic fibers was provided. Finally, a selective modification of the interphase was accomplished and accordingly, the highest known values of impact strength for PLA composites were achieved.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano biokompozyty do zastosowań technicznych, charakteryzujące się właściwościami pozwalającymi na zastąpienie nimi klasycznych kompozytów polipropylen/włókno szklane (PP/GF) i spełniających następujące warunki: zarówno wzmocnienie, jak i osnowa są pochodzenia naturalnego, kompozyt ma mały ciężar właściwy, a jednocześnie zachowuje korzystne właściwości mechaniczne. W charakterze wzmocnienia zastosowano włókna abaki oraz regenerowanej celulozy (Cell). Polilaktyd PLA posłużył jako osnowa kompozytu termoplastycznego, w całości wytworzonego z surowców pozyskiwanych ze źródeł odnawialnych. W celach porównawczych otrzymano kompozyty na bazie surowca petrochemicznego — polipropylenu (PP), a także kompozyty na osnowie PLA wzmocnione włóknem szklanym (GF). Ponadto, za pomocą odpowiednich dodatków modyfikowano warstwę graniczną włókno/osnowa. Szczegółowa ocena właściwości mechanicznych, wykraczająca poza standardowe badania quasi-statyczne w kierunku analizy mikromechaniki pękania oraz mikrostruktury, pozwoliła na oszacowanie cech użytkowych opracowanych biokompozytów. Wyniki badań udarnościowych i odkształcalności kompozytu PLA/Cell wskazują, że materiały takie dorównują, a w zakresie właściwości quasi-statycznych znacznie przewyższają PP/GF. Modyfikowane powierzchniowo włókna celulozowe wpływają na znaczne zwiększenie odporności PLA na kruche pękanie, umożliwiając tym samym zastosowanie tego biopolimeru do produkcji tworzyw konstrukcyjnych. Udarność z karbem kompozytów PLA/Cell osiąga wyraźnie większe wartości niż w przypadku analogów na osnowie PP. Dodatek włókien abaki wpływa na poprawę sztywności PLA, ale w niewielkim tylko stopniu zmienia właściwości wytrzymałościowe i odporność na kruche pękanie.

8

Włókna naturalne - przyjazne dla środowiska napełniacze do polimerów

Liber-Kneć A., Kuciel S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Budowa Maszyn i Zarządzanie Produkcją

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2010

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Nr 12

217-220

PL

W pracy przedstawiono i porównano włókna pochodzenia naturalnego pod kątem ich właściści, dostępności oraz możliwości aplikacji technicznych. Obrazy SEM mikrostruktury włókien pokazują ich różnorodność, rozwiniętą powierzchnię oraz kanalikową budowę. Przykłady zastowań wskazują na duże możliwości nowych aplikacji technicznych.

EN

In the work, the natural fibers, their properties, availability and possibility of technical appli tions were presented. SEM images of fibers show their variety, developed surface and tub" structure. Examples of applications indicate on large possibilities of new technical applications.

9

Kompozyty polimerowe z dodatkiem włókien naturalnych

Ziąbka M., Szaraniec B.

Kompozyty

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2010

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R. 10, nr 2

138-142

PL

W pracy otrzymano i scharakteryzowano polimerowe kompozyty włókniste. Jako zbrojenie zastosowano krótkie włókna cięte - jutę oraz konopie. Metodą wytłaczania i wtrysku przygotowano kompozyty polimerowe o osnowie z polietylenu - LDPE modyfikowanego 5% dodatkiem naturalnych włókien roślinnych. Wytworzone materiały zostały poddane badaniom mechanicznym, obejmującym statyczną próbę rozciągania oraz twardość według Brinella. Stan powierzchni materiałów scharakteryzowano na podstawie kąta zwilżania oraz chropowatości wyznaczonej metodą profilometryczną. W celu określenia sposobu i jednorodności rozmieszczenia włokiem w osnowie polimerowej przeprowadzono analizę mikrostrukturalną SEM. Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, iż korzystniejsza jest modyfikacja polietylenu włóknem konopnym. W przeciwieństwie do włókien juty dodatek konopi nie wpływa na pogorszenie właściwości mechanicznych polimeru, podnosi natomiast jego moduł sprężystości i zmienia charakter powierzchni z hydrofobowego na hydrofilowy. Poprawa zwilżalności polietylenu może mieć ogromne znaczenie z punktu widzenia recyklingu tworzyw sztucznych i ochrony środowiska naturalnego.

EN

Among environmental friendly materials recently developed polymers modified by using natural fibers are considered as the most popular. The great interest of renewable fibers application comes from their good mechanical properties, low density and reduced costs of manufacturing. It has been well known that plant fibers are microbiological degradable materials. Their introduction into stable polymers is quite new and may significantly accelerate degradation of the fibrous composite. Presented work reports the results obtained from studies carried out on low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites reinforced with natural plant fibres. The composites were manufactured by use of injection molding followed by extrusion. During injection both jute and hemp fibers were introduced into polymer matrix in amount of 5% mass fraction. The studies focused on characterization of mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young modulus and hardness) as well as surface features (roughness and wettability). Observation of microstructure was done using scanning electron microscopy. In general, the results proved that hemp composites poses better properties in comparison to jute ones. In opposition to jute composites dispersion of hemp fibers was more homogenous. It did not deteriorate the tensile strength which was the same as measured for pure polymer. Simultaneously, the Young modulus increased its value. In jute composite the tensile strength decreased of 30%. Surface character of the composite with hemp changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic which improved degradation. Such feature is especially required from the point of recycling possibility and environment protection.