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1
Ergonomia narzędzi ręcznych
Jóźwiak Z.
Promotor BHP
|
2017
|
nr 3
33--37
PL
Narzędzia to ten element środowiska życia, który pozwolił człowiekowi na zwiększenie efektywności działania i sprawił, że zaczął on dominować nad pozostałymi istotami żywymi. Można uznać, ze historia cywilizacji to ciągle następujący rozwój narzędzi, który umożliwił nie tylko postęp w sferze materialnej, ale również niematerialnej – szeroko pojętej kulturze. Warto zatem poświęcić nieco uwagi ergonomii narzędzi, zwłaszcza tych najprostszych,a zarazem najczęściej wykorzystywanych – one bowiem ciągle jeszcze stanowią o naszej efektywności.
2
Evaluation of pliers’ grip spans in the maximum gripping task and sub-maximum cutting task
Kim D.-M., Kong Y. K.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2016
|
Vol. 22, No. 4
449--456
EN
A total of 25 males participated to investigate the effects of the grip spans of pliers on the total grip force, individual finger forces and muscle activities in the maximum gripping task and wire-cutting tasks. In the maximum gripping task, results showed that the 50-mm grip span had significantly higher total grip strength than the other grip spans. In the cutting task, the 50-mm grip span also showed significantly higher grip strength than the 65-mm and 80-mm grip spans, whereas the muscle activities showed a higher value at 80-mm grip span. The ratios of cutting force to maximum grip strength were also investigated. Ratios of 30.3%, 31.3% and 41.3% were obtained by grip spans of 50-mm, 65-mm, and 80-mm, respectively. Thus, the 50-mm grip span for pliers might be recommended to provide maximum exertion in gripping tasks, as well as lower maximum-cutting force ratios in the cutting tasks.
3
Anthropometric hand dimensions in a population of Iranian male workers in 2012
Mirmohammadi S. J., Mehrparvar A. M., Mostaghaci M., Davari M. H., Bahaloo M., Mashtizadeh S.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2016
|
Vol. 22, No. 1
125--130
EN
Background. The mismatch between the hand size of workers and the size of industrial instruments is a growing concern; it can lead to various musculoskeletal complications. Currently, there are few reliable studies available to address this concern in Iran. This study was conducted to measure 30 upper-extremity parameters in a group of Iranian industrial workers. Methods. This study is a cross-sectional study on 529 workers. The study population was randomly selected from male Iranian industrial workers who were referred to the Yazd hospital occupational medicine clinic for surveillance evaluations. Results. The M (SD) age of the participants was 30.13 (8.29) years. Statistical analysis was performed using the mean, standard deviation and 5th, 50th and 90th percentiles for each measured hand dimension. A considerable number of dimensions were significantly different between the measurements of right and left hands in each examinee. The results showed significant differences between Iranian hand size and that of other populations. Conclusion. This study provided a valuable databank of hand dimensions in a population of Iranian male workers. These data can be used by manufacturers in designing high-quality hand-tools and industrial gloves, taking into consideration Iranian worker characteristics.
4
The relationship between hand anthropometrics, total grip strength and individual finger force for various handle shapes
Kong Y. K., Kim D.-M.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2015
|
Vol. 21, No. 2
187--192
EN
The design and shape of hand tool handles are critical factors for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by the use of hand tools. We explored how these factors are related to total force and individual finger force in males and females with various hand anthropometrics. Using the MFFM system, we assessed four indices of anthropometry, and measured total force and individual finger force on various handle designs and shapes. Both total force and individual finger force were significant according to gender and handle shape. Total grip strength to the handle shape indicated the greatest strength with D shape and the least with A shape. From the regression analysis of hand anthropometric indices, the value of R was respectably high at 0.608–0.696. The current study examined the gender and handle shape factors affecting grip strength based on the force measurements from various handle types, in terms of influence on different hand anthropometric indices.
5
Optimization of the levels of grip force, stroke rotation, frequency and grip span for a torqueing task
Bano F., Mallick Z., Khan A. A.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2015
|
Vol. 21, No. 1
94--104
EN
This study was to investigate the effects of grip force, frequency, stroke rotation and grip-span on discomfort and obtain best posture for hand tool users. Fifteen male participants volunteered in this study. Participants performed combined gripping with torqueing exertions for 5 min for two levels of frequency (10 and 20 exertions/min) at two levels of grip force (50 and 70 N), two levels of stroke rotation (30° and 60°) and three levels of grip-span (4.7, 6 and 7.3 cm). Therefore, a 2×2×2×3 full factorial design was used. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that frequency, stroke rotation and grip-span were significant on discomfort score. Minimum discomfort and comfortable posture was found to be 90 N grip force with 10 exertions/min for 60° stroke rotation at 6-cm grip-span. The grip force, frequency and stroke rotation were found significant on EMG activity of forearm muscles using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The extensor muscles were found more activated than flexor muscles during the given task.
6
Content available Badania skuteczności rękawic antywibracyjnych z uwzględnieniem niepewności pomiarów w warunkach laboratoryjnych i terenowych
Zając J.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2014
|
R. 60, nr 12
1127--1131
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów skuteczności wybranych rękawic antywibracyjnych. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych oraz terenowych, podczas których, jako sygnały testowe, wykorzystano drgania rękojeści wybranych narzędzi. Oszacowano niepewności pomiarów dla wszystkich współczynników przenoszenia drgań wyznaczanych podczas badań. Obliczono odchylenia standardowe oraz niepewności złożone i rozszerzone, na podstawie których wskazano możliwe przyczyny różnic wyników laboratoryjnych i uzyskanych w warunkach terenowych.
EN
In this paper the results of laboratory tests of effectiveness of anti-vibration (AV) gloves with the results of tests carried out in the field by a new method were compared. According to the test method for AV gloves in standard [5], two coefficients are determined, the mean corrected transmissibilities TR(M) and TR(H). The field test method of determining in real conditions whether AV gloves effectively reduces vibration, and uses real vibration signals of handles of selected tools as test signals instead of Butterworth characteristics. In the proposed method, vibration accelerations were measured in three directions using adaptor on a gloved operator’s palm (Chapter 4, Fig. 4.). The tests produced total corrected coefficient of vibration transmission T(WVt). To test the four types of gloves, 10 tools/devices (13 handles) representing different types of hand tools were used as sources of vibration (Chapter 4). To estimate the uncertainty of measurement two evaluations were used: 'Type A' – uncertainty estimates using statistics, and 'Type B' - uncertainty estimates from any other information (Chapter 5, [1-3]). Standard deviation and expanded uncertainty were evaluated (Chapter 5, Tab. 2, Fig. 5.). As possible reasons for differences in results obtained in laboratory and field test method, there are indicated variable environmental conditions, method of handling tools, the construction of the glove and the difficulty in analyzing conditions.
7
Content available remote Vibration research on a demolition hammer using a high-speed camera
Wojsznis M., Tabaszewski M., Dobry M. W.
Vibrations in Physical Systems
|
2012
|
Vol. 25
453--458
EN
The paper presents methodology of measurements and results of vibration research on a demolition hammer weighing 15.5 kg. The measurements of vibrations for the chosen measuring points have been carried out using a Photron FastCam 1024 PCI high-speed camera on a stand prepared for testing hand-held tools. To ensure signal stability and to reduce the influence of an operator the research was carried out with the hammer mounted in a special fixture enabling holding a tool with symmetric layout of handles. The measurement results are to be used for verification of a model assumed for a human being – tool system.
8
Content available remote Testowe badania doświadczalne reakcji człowieka-operatora narzędzia ręcznego przy sinusoidalnym sygnale wejściowym
Basista Z., Książek M., Tarnowski J.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika
|
2008
|
R. 105, z. 1-M
27-35
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono opis i wyniki wstępnych badań doświadczalnych, których celem jest zbudowanie modelu człowieka-operatora opisującego proces sterowania, realizowany podczas pracy ręcznym narzędziem udarowym. Przyjęto, że funkcją sterującą jest zmienna siła nacisku wywierana przez operatora na rękojeść. Badany człowiek-operator działa w układzie kompensacyjnym, minimalizując różnicę pomiędzy siłą zadaną a siłą realizowaną. Układ ten modeluje proces sterowania ręcznym narzędziem. Siła zadana zmieniała się sinusoidalnie, z ustalonymi amplitudą i częstotliwością. Wyniki przedstawiono w postaci wykresów odpowiedzi na sygnał sinusoidalny, następnie dokonano analizy zmian odpowiedzi w funkcji częstotliwości siły zadanej.
EN
In the paper the description and results of the preliminary, test experimental investigations concerning the reactions of human-operator control system on visual signal of reference test force were done. Pressure force exerted by operator on handle was considered as control parameter. The task of the operator, during the experiment, was to realize pressure force and to keep it in the vicinity of the reference given force. The reference force had the sinusoidal character with known amplitude and frequency. The obtained results were analysed and graphically presented.
9
Content available Design and Ergonomics : Methods for Integrating Ergonomics at Hand Tool Design Stage
Marsot J., Claudon L.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2004
|
Vol. 10, No. 1
13--23
EN
As a marked increase in the number of musculoskeletal disorders was noted in many industrialized countries and more specifically in companies that require the use of hand tools, the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS) launched in 1999 a research project on the topic of integrating ergonomics into hand tool design, and more particularly to a design of a boning knife. After a brief recall of the difficulties of integrating ergonomics at the design stage, the present paper shows how 3 design methodological tools. Functional Analysis, Quality Function Deployment and TRIZ.have been applied to the design of a boning knife. Implementation of these tools enabled us to demonstrate the extent to which they are capable of responding to the difficulties of integrating ergonomics into product design.
10
Content available Proposal for an Indexical Method of Evaluating Risk of Hand Tool Operators’ Exposure to Mechanical Vibrations
Engel Z., Kowalski P., Zawieska W. M.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2002
|
Vol. 8, No. 2
183--194
EN
The article presents proposals for an indexical evaluation of exposure of hand tool operators to vibrations. The presented indices have been developed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests. The examinations studied the effect of pressure force and grip force exerted by an operator on a hand tool as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of an exciting signal on vibrations transmitted in the hand-tool handle system.
11
Content available Integration of Ergonomics Into Hand Tool Design: Principle and Presentation of an Example
Aptel M., Claudon L., Marsot J.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2002
|
Vol. 8, No. 1
107--115
EN
The development of ergonomic tools responds to health protection needs on the part of workers, especially the work related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs and to the development of ergonomic tools to take into account the needs of the factories. Only an ergonomic design process can enable tool manufacturers to meet these requirements. Three factors are involved: integration of ergonomics into the design process, definition of the different ergonomic stages involved, and finally knowledge of the different factors involved in hand tool design. This document examines these 3 elements in more detail and presents briefly a project of research whose main purpose is to integrate ergonomic criteria into a design process.
12
Content available remote Ręczne operowanie przedmiotami: kierunki prac normalizacyjnych
Roman-Liu D.
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
|
1998
|
nr 10
9-12
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