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EN
The paper discusses the problem of efficient application of powdered materials using plasma spraying to form a continuous layer of additive material on the substrate. In order for the particles to stick to the substrate, they have to be completely melted. The meltability of the particles is thus addressed and needs to be determined in order to achieve optimal working conditions. Because the meltability of the particles depends on many factors among which are the plasma temperature and the time of stay in the plasma jet, the method of fuzzy sets seems to be capable of effectively solve the problem by determining the state of the particle. The basic concept of fuzzy sets theory is presented in the paper together with guidelines on how to apply the theory on specific problem.
PL
W artykule omówiono problem skutecznego stosowania sproszkowanych materiałów z użyciem napylania plazmowego, w celu uzyskania ciągłej warstwy dodatkowego materiału na podłożu. Aby cząsteczki trzymały się podłoża, muszą się one całkowicie rozpuścić. Topliwość cząstek jest brana pod uwagę i musi być określona w celu uzyskania optymalnych warunków pracy. Ponieważ topliwość cząstek zależy od wielu czynników, wśród których znajdują się temperatura plazmy i czas przebywania w strumieniu plazmy, metoda zbiorów rozmytych wydaje się być odpowiednia do skutecznego rozwiązania problemu określania stanu cząstki. W artykule zostały przedstawione podstawowe pojęcia z teorii zbiorów rozmytych wraz z wytycznymi na temat zastosowania teorii w przypadku konkretnego problemu.
2
Content available remote Chłodzony wodą zasilacz prądu stałego do zasilania magnetronu
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano nowe rozwiązanie przemysłowego układu zasilacza prądu stałego przystosowanego do zasilania magnetronu stosowanego w procesach napylania plazmowego. Prezentowane rozwiązanie cechują następujące oryginalne rozwiązania: układ kompensacji długości przewodów zasilających magnetron czy chłodzenie urządzenia wodą z wewnętrznym obiegiem powietrza. Przyjęte rozwiązania techniczne pozwoliły uzyskać doskonałe parametry użytkowe, małe gabaryty i masę urządzenia, a także długi czas życia zasilacza w trudnych warunkach przemysłowych.
EN
The paper presents new solution of power supplies which supply magnetron for plasma sputtering application. The presented solution has a number of such innovations as water-cooling and the CompensateLine circuit and cause the system has such advantages as small size, small weight and the possibility of the long use. Also a correct work was shown at voltage dip, and other parameters being located in a norm concerning the quality of the system work. These features of the presented power supply are essential at using in the photovoltaic industry as well as in other branches of industry, where is being used plasma sputtering.
EN
In this study, FeCrC powder was alloyed on the surface of AISI 1030 steel with FeCrC powder having 70% Cr ratio with the Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Method. In the coating process performed with the Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Method, N2 gas at 1-3-5% ratio was added to the shielding gas. The coating layer was analysed using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). As a result of optical microscope and microstructure analyses, it was determined that the coating layer and the sub-layer were connected to each other metallurgical and there were austenite ( γ), Fe-Cr, Fe23(C)6, and Cr7C3 phase and carbides and CrN in the structure.
PL
W pracy badano nakładanie powłok z proszku FeCrC o zawartości 70% chromu na powierzchni stali AISI 1030 metodą PTA. W czasie nakładania powłoki zawartość azotu w gazie ochronnym wynosiła 1, 3, 5%. Uzyskane powłoki badane były za pomocą mikroskopii optycznej, skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej, dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. W oparciu o wyniki obserwacji i analiz mikrostruktury stwierdzono, że powłoka i warstwa pośrednia połączone są ze sobą metalurgicznie. Stwierdzono obecność austenitu, Fe-Cr, Fe23(C)6, Cr7C3 oraz węglików i CrN w mikrostrukturze.
4
Content available remote Tribological properties of selected ceramic coatings
EN
The contribution deals with methods of plasma sprayed ceramic materials evaluation. There were evaluated ceramic coatings A 99, Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 + 5% TiO2. Influence of the interlayer NiCr on the functional properties of sprayed coatings was also studied. There were determined thickness, microhardness and adhesion of particular coatings together with their resistance to abrasive wear and thermal cyclic loading.
5
Content available remote Research of the structure and adhesive properties of ceramic coatings
EN
The paper presents the research results of adhesive properties of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings on Al2O3 and ZrSiO4 base in tribological couples with 19 436 and 12 050 materials and polyamide. Ceramic layers are formed by three types of particles that differ, from each other inform and compactness. Non-compactness in the structure of the layer degrades its properties and it is possible to divide it into voids, pores, branched cracks and large particles. Among the investigated ceramic Al2O3 and ZrSiO4 based coatings the Al2O3 coating showed the best properties under adhesive wear conditions; this material, mainly in combination with 19436 material, is suitable for friction nodes. The wear value is in accordance with the course of the friction coefficient of the investigated tribological couples. The wear value is connected with the surface hardness of materials in the friction couple. The ceramics-polyamide couple appears to be high-prospective, since it shows a low friction coefficient and minimum wear and seizure tendency.
6
Content available remote Structure and adhesive properties of ceramic and composite coatings on Al2O3 base
EN
Paper deals with application of new composite powder materials, which are prepared by heating sprayed with plasma with water stabilized are. Investigated coating powder material is on ceramics (Al2O3) - metal (Ni) base. Ceramic sand composite coatings were deposited on substrate of steel 11 373 (ISO 630 - 80). Adhesive - cohesive of properties was used norm STN EN 582 - Determination of tensile adhesive strength. The adhesive test showed, that composite coatings with nickel, reach better adhesion.
EN
This paper presents results of an investigation into the structure of plasma sprayed coating. The spray material was NiCrBSi powder. The powder granulometry and the microstructure of the plasma sprayed deposits were studied using an SEM/EDS analyzer. Phase composition was examined using the Broker D-8 Advance diffractometer. The tests show that the coatings consist of an NiCrBSi deformed grains of powder and thin strips of oxides with low porosity and different phase composition than sprayed powder.
PL
W pracy zawiera wyniki badań struktury powłoki napylonej plazmowo. Napylany był proszek NiCrBSi. Analizowano granulometria proszku i mikrostruktura warstwy napylonej plazmowo oraz kompozycję fazową. Z badań wynika, że powłoki zawierają zdeformowane ziarna proszku NiCrBSi i cienkie pasy tlenków z niską porowatością o innej strukturze fazowej niż proszek.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podano podstawowe informacje o sposobie nanoszenia warstwy stopującej, technologii i parametrach przetopienia laserowego oraz efektach uzyskanych po tej obróbce. Zmiany właściwości, które zaszły w warstwie wierzchniej w stosunku do materiału podłoża, określono na podstawie badań metalograficznych i pomiarów mikrotwardości.
EN
Essential information concerning stopping layer spraying methods, laser remelting technique and parameters, and the effect achieves in result of that machining, are presented in this paper. Changes in properties, which arised in the surface layer compared to properties of the substrate material have been determined, basing on metallographic examinations and microhardness measurements.
EN
This paper presents the results of the investigations of oxide (Cr2O3, Al2O3, ZrO2) and carbide (Cr3C2, W2C) coatings as applied onto the steel substrate by the plasma spraying method and subsequently remelted. Diverse methods of remelting were used in the experiments - the single and repeated treatments with the continuous microplasma arc, the impulsive remelting technique and TIG method. The coatings were examined both prior to, and after the thermal treatment with the use of light an scanning microscopy, X-ray structural analysis, and the measurements of surface roughness. A reduction of surface roughness, an increase in intensities of diffraction lines and a densification of ceramic and bond layers as a result of reduction of porosity and voids, were observed.
EN
Results of investigations on obtaining the thermal barrier coatings (TBC) and their properties have been presented in the article. Coatings were formed by a thermal spraying method using a A3000 system controlled by computer and with a robot. For spraying the following materials: ZrO2xY2O3 and MeCrAlY as an interlayer were used. The coating structure examinations were made. Powder morphology was determined by the scanning microscope method. Tests by the thermal shock method were conducted in the air atmosphere by heating the specimens to 1200 degrees centigrade for 15 min. and cooling to 250 degrees centigrade for 5 min. Hot corrosion resistance tests were conducted at 900 degrees centigrade in the Na2SO4 medium. Tests showed low resistance of TBC coatings to that type of corrosion. The TBC coatings were formed on the combustion chamber elements.
EN
For the protection of turbine blade materials against oxidation, coatings of the MCrAlY type are applied. The oxidation resistance of these multiphase coatings relies on protective alumina scales which are formed on the coating surface at high service temperatures of about 900 degrees centigrade, and is strongly affected by the phase distribution and composition. In the present study the coating material MCrAlY is investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whereby the chemical composition of the elements Ni, Co, Cr, Al, Re and Y was analysed systematically by EDX elemental mapping. In order to describe the phase distribution and composition in a single image a special method for the evaluation of the EDX elemental maps by statistical methods combined with image analysis were applied and described in this paper.
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