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Review of Nano-thermites: a Pathway to Enhanced Energetic Materials

Zaky Mohamed Gaber, Elbeih Ahmed, Elshenawy Tamer

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2021

Vol. 18, no. 1

63--85

Nano-thermites or metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) have been implemented into modern research on energetic materials as they offer much higher energy densities, higher rates of energy release, stability, and safety (lower sensitivity). This paper reviews several synthetic methods for MICs that have been well thought-out for energetic applications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the characteristics of each manufacturing technique. The techniques presented include powder mixing, sol-gel, synthesis of MICs based on nano-porous silicon (Psi), sputtering, multilayer nano-foils and electrolytically plated carbon nano-materials for nano-thermite applications. These techniques offer enormously different characteristics and, through the variation of various chemical techniques and conditions, a wide range of chemical and energetic properties may be attained. This may give the opportunity for the safe use of MICs as replacements for some conventional energetic materials in various applications, and may also enable us to study the effects when incorporating these MICs into energetic matrixes, as a promising and feasible research field.

Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and Their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Kelly D., Beland P., Brousseau P., Petre C. F.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2017

Vol. 14, no. 1

105--119

The sensitivity of nanothermites to electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been noted by many authors. In the present work, nanothermites have been prepared using aluminium fuels with oxide (O-Al), palmitic acid (L-Al) and Viton (V-Al) passivation and CuO, Fe2O3 and MoO3 oxidants, as well as binary oxidant mixtures. Fuel- and oxidant-based ESD sensitivity trends of O-Al ≈ L-Al >> V-Al and MoO3 >> CuO ≈ Fe2O3 were observed with binary oxidants affording intermediate sensitivities. In the majority of cases, with the exception of high proportions of MoO3 oxidant, nanothermites containing V-Al fuel were the least sensitive to ESD at > 0.156 J. Resistivity measurements have been made for the fuels and oxidants and follow the trends V-Al >> O-Al ≈ L-Al and MoO3 >> Fe2O3 > CuO. V-Al resistivity of ca. 1011 Ω·cm exceeds that of the oxidants studied. An ESD sensitivity trend, based on a reduced proportion of spark current carried by the aluminium fuel, is proposed and was consistent with the observed ESD and resistivity data.