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An epitome on encapsulation of probiotics

Ramadevi S., Meenakshi S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

2022

Vol. 116, nr 1

34--41

Purpose: Nanotechnology is one of the highly evolving fields of research having immense potential in various fields of healthcare sectors. The very advent of nanotechnology lies in its ability to serve as a targeted drug delivery system. The introduction of a new branch namely bionanotechnology has further expanded the scope, especially in the diagnostics and treatment of various diseases. Probiotics being a natural source with a plethora of beneficial properties have been investigated actively in recent days. Probiotics administered into the digestive system have been shown to promote gut health by increasing the microbial balance in the gut. However, the bioavailability of such administered probiotics remains a major concern. These probiotics are protected through microencapsulation techniques, which encapsulate them in small capsules. Several nanoparticles with varied dimensions, forms, surfaces and composites have recently been investigated for probiotic microencapsulation. This has been used for various therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery. This review gives an insight on various materials and strategies used for probiotic encapsulation. Design/methodology/approach: The main aim of this review is to give a perception of the different types of methods of probiotic encapsulation. Findings: This review implies the significance of probiotics and subsequent active release in the gastrointestinal system. Different sections of this review paper, on the other hand, may offer up new opportunities for comprehensive research in the field of microencapsulation for boosting probiotic viability and also talks about the various encapsulating materials that has been employed. Originality/value: This review emphasizes more perceptions about the ongoing and imminent techniques for encapsulating probiotics.

Antimicrobial Activity of Coleus ambonicus Herbal Finish on Cotton Fabric

Gopalakrishnan M., Saravanan D.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2017

Vol. 25, no. 4 (124)

106--109

An extract obtained from Coleus ambonicus was applied on cotton fabric by means of the exhaust, micro encapsulation and nano encapsulation methods, and the antimicrobial activity of the finished fabric assessed quantitatively by the AATCC test method 100 against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) microbes. The finish applied on the samples using all three methods exhibit a good bacterial reduction percentage. The finish applied on the samples using all three methods possesses a higher bacterial reduction percentage against gram positive microbes than gram negative, even after washing. The method of washing conforms to ISO method 3. The wash durability of the antimicrobial activity was assessed by the bacterial reduction percentage after washing. The wash durability of the samples using the direct exhaust method was very poor and it lost its antimicrobial activity after 10 wash cycles. The wash durability of the samples using the micro encapsulated method shows antimicrobial activity up to 10 wash cycles, dropping gradually to very low levels at 20 wash cycles. The wash durability of the samples using nano encapsulation shows good antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative microbes even after 30 washes.

Do wykończenia tkanin bawełnianych użyto ekstraktu uzyskanego z Coleus Ambonicus Zastosowano metody: wyczerpywania oraz mikro- i nano-kapsułkowania, a aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową gotowych tkanin oceniono ilościowo metodą AATCC 100 wobec bakterii gram dodatnich (Staphylococcus aureus) i gram ujemnych (Escherichia coli). Stwierdzono, że tkaniny wykończone przy użyciu powyższych metod charakteryzowały się wysoką redukcją bakterii, przy czym redukcja bakterii gram dodatnich była wyższa od redukcji bakterii gram ujemnych, nawet po praniu. Oceniono trwałość aktywności antybakteryjnej na pranie. Trwałość wykończenia antybakteryjnego po praniu uzyskanego metodą wyczerpywania była bardzo słaba i zanikła po 10 cyklach prania. W przypadku metody mikrokapsulacji aktywność antybakteryjna utrzymywała się nawet do 10 cykli prania, stopniowo zmniejszając się do bardzo niskich poziomów po 20 cyklach prania. Trwałość wykończenia antybakteryjnego otrzymanych metodą nanokapsulacji była najwyższa i utrzymywała się nawet po 30 cyklach prania.