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1 2012

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Nadtlenoazotyn - silny biologiczny utleniacz

Bijak M., Ponczek M. B., Saluk J., Chabielska M., Stępniak J., Nowak P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2012

[Z] 66, 7-8

623-635

As demonstrated in recent years, one of the major factors of oxidative stress, generated in the circulatory system, in both acute and chronic pathological conditions, is peroxynitrite (ONOO –) [4]. Peroxynitrite is a strong biological oxidant and nitrating compound, generated in vivo from a rapid reaction of two relatively less reactive, but commonly found, of free radicals: nitrogen monoxide (NO ) and superoxide (O2–) [8]. This reaction occurs spontaneously and is not catalyzed by any enzyme. A fundamental reaction of ONOO – in biological systems is its fast reaction with carbon dioxide (k = 5,7 ź 104 M–1 s–1) and yields a short-lived intermediate, nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO 2 –), which homolyzes leads to the formation of carbonate (CO 3–) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) radicals (yield ~35%) [29, 30] (Fig. 1), which are one-electron oxidants. ONOO – is responsible for oxidative modifications in a wide variety of biomolecules and is capable to induce of nitrative changes in sulfur and aromatic amino acids, especially 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine formation [17] (Fig. 2). This article describes the formation, reactivity and biological action of peroxynitrite.