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Mutualism between Lasius Ant Species and Stomaphis Aphids in Relation to Social Parasitism among the ants

Depa Łukasz, Vepsäläinen Kari, Rutkowski Tomasz, Czechowski Wojciech

Polish Journal of Ecology

2022

Vol. 70, nr 1

44--55

The ant species Lasius (Lasius) brunneus (Latr.) and L. (Dendrolasius) fuliginosus (Latr.) are known mutualists of the myrmecophilous giant tree aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walk. Species of the Lasius subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzs., which live cryptically underground, have not been considered regular mutualists of those aphids. They often nest close to the known mutualists with which they are through their mutual colony developments intimately interrelated – as temporary social parasites of L. brunneus or temporary hosts of L. fuliginosus. Such a constellation raises the question about contacts of L. (Chthonolasius) species with Stomaphis aphids. Here, we describe modes of interaction between L. (Chthonolasius) umbratus (Nyl.) and S. graffii Cholod. which is usually hosted by L. (L.) brunneus. Our field data from Poland and elsewhere in Europe, together with published information, support our view that also L. (Ch.) umbratus and other underground-living species of the subgenus Chthonolasius are true mutualists of Stomaphis which take care of the aphids. Such ants differ by their protective behaviour from ants which prey on or only exploit aphids. The co-occurrence of L. (Chthonolasius) species with Stomaphis aphids has hitherto been relatively rarely reported, which probably is due to the cryptic lifestyle of these ants. We discuss the complex interrelations among the above Lasius F. species which belong to separate levels of social parasitism, and their relations with Stomaphis aphids. We also suggest that L. (Chthonolasius) species, which in the socially-parasitic hierarchy are located between Lasius s. str. and L. (Dendrolasius), may serve as transmitters of Stomaphis aphids from the former to the latter species.

Coexisting aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities : interdependence in various habitats

Depa Ł.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2011

Vol. 59, nr 4

835-840

The paper presents the comparison of species diversity and evenness indices calculated for coexisting communities of aphids and ants. In six study areas, localised in Upper Silesia (Poland), representing acidophilous oak-forest (Molinio caeruleae - Quercetum roboris), moist meadow (Molinietum caeruleae) and xerothermic grassland (Sileno-Phleetum) the community structure of aphids and ants (species number and abundance) was determined. The number of ant nests and aphid colonies was determined by searching the squares of 25 m2 during vegetation seasons in 2006 and 2007. This provided the base to calculate the Shannon.s diversity index and evenness index of both groups. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed significant correlation only in the case of the number of species of both groups in a particular study area. It showed no significant correlation of values of diversity and evenness indices; however, considerable differences of values between both groups in various habitat types were recorded. The results are discussed with reference to the habitat history and maintenance, also reflecting the mutualistic relationship between ants and aphids.