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Assessment of a sheltered euhaline area of the southeastern Bay of Biscay to sustain bivalve production in terms of phytoplankton community composition

Bilbao Jone, Muñiz Oihane, Rodríguez José Germán, Revilla Marta, Laza-Martínez Aitor, Seoane Sergio

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (1)

12--26

EN

This study describes the phytoplankton community in sheltered euhaline waters of the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Phytoplankton composition, cell size, abundance, biomass and the presence of potentially toxic taxa, together with chlorophyll a, nutrients and hydrographic and optical conditions were measured, from August 2016 to August 2017, in the Mutriku port, with the main aim of assessing the suitability of the phytoplankton community as a food resource for bivalves. The water column in Mutriku showed the typical environmental conditions of Basque marine waters, with no significant nutrient enrichment caused by anthropogenic pressures. Haptophytes represented the greatest contribution to cell abundance (31-47%), and diatoms were the dominant group in terms of biomass (52-79%), which could favour mussel growth due to their high fatty acid content. In addition, the size structure of the phytoplankton community was suitable for mussel ingestion, since the predominant cell size was 2-20 µm. Regarding toxic phytoplankton, the genera that pose a risk for human health and those that affect negatively mussel physiology and survival were considered. Altogether, ten toxic phytoplankton taxa were identified, contributing in less than 5% to the total cell abundance of Mutriku. However, median chlorophyll a concentration was low (0.5 µg L-1), reflecting the oligotrophic conditions of the area. Therefore, even if the composition of the phytoplankton community could be favourable for bivalve aquaculture, biomass values are low compared to other zones of bivalve production.

2

Co-occurrence of Sinanodonta woodiana with native Unionidae in the lower Oder

Szlauer-Łukaszewska A., Andrzejewski W., Gierszal H., Urbańska M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

244--248

EN

The Asiatic bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834), which is more and more widespread in all parts of Europe, in Poland has been mostly reported from lentic waters, especially fish ponds. In contrast to some other European countries, no data have been published on its presence in rivers of Poland. In 2015, monitoring was carried out in the lower Oder River and in the mouth of the Warta River, as a result of which S. woodiana was recorded there for the first time. This was possible due to prolonged drought, which led to extremely low water levels in most of the inland water bodies and watercourses, so that other research methods could be used. The presented results confirm that the species spreads easily by colonizing waters of various types, which in the future may lead to the formation of large populations.

3

Organizmy żywe w systemie biomonitoringu jakości wody

Tomczak E., Dominiak A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2016

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Vol. 10, No. 1

315--323

PL

Przedstawiono typowe organizmy żywe służące do biomonitoringu wód powierzchniowych oraz ich wykorzystanie w prezentowanych w pracy aplikacjach. Główną uwagę poświęcono charakterystyce i wykorzystaniu małży słodkowodnych. Uwzględniono rolę, jaką odgrywa biomonitoring w wodociągowych systemach ujmowania wód powierzchniowych. Za przykład posłużył trójstopniowy system biomonitoringu funkcjonujący od 20 lat w Zakładzie Wodociągów i Kanalizacji Sp. z o.o. w Łodzi, wykorzystujący małże, narybek okonia i bakterie luminescencyjne.

EN

The typical living organisms used for biological monitoring of surface waters and methods of their operate in applications were presented in the paper. The main attention was focused on the characteristics and exploitation of freshwater mussels. The work includes the role of biomonitoring in water supply systems. Three stage of biomonitoring system which has been functioning for 20 years in Municipal Water and Wastewater Company in in Lodz was presented as an example. The system utilizes living organisms: mussels, perch and luminescent bacteria.

4

Biomonitoring wód śródlądowych i przybrzeżnych za pomocą małży z gatunku Dreissena Polymorpha

Matuszak P., Grodzicki G., Jankowski T., Matlakiewicz P.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2015

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nr 3(52)

49--58

PL

Zanieczyszczenie wód stosowanych w celach spożywczych oraz w gospodarstwach rolnych jest podstawowym przyczynkiem do podwyższonej śmiertelności, zahamowania i zaburzeń wzrostu oraz czynności fizjologicznych, zmian w DNA (genotoksyczność), zmian w obrębie tkanek (cytotoksyczność) i organów osobników narażonych na działanie związków chemicznych. Jedną z groźniejszych klas toksyn oddziałujących na zwierzęta i ludzi mających kontakt ze skażoną wodą są cyjanotoksyny uwalniane przez obumierające sinice. Przyczyniają się one do poważnych stanów chorobowych, a także zdarzeń śmiertelnych. Toksyny tego typu są relatywnie trudno wykrywalne z powodu sezonowej zmienności zakwitów. Jedną ze skutecznych i automatycznych metod wykrywania skażeń wody w trybie ciągłym jest biomonitoring wykorzystujący małże z gatunku Dreissena polymorpha.

EN

The pollution of water that is used for consumption and in agricultural holdings contributes to an increased mortality rate, inhibition of growth and physiological functions, changes in the DNA (genotoxicity), changes within tissues (cytotoxicity) and organs of individuals who are exposed to chemical components. One of the most dangerous toxin classes which have effect on animals and humans who come into contact with contaminated water is the class of cyanobacterial toxins released by dying cyanobacteria. They contribute to very serious health conditions and also to fatalities. Toxins of this type are relatively difficult to detect on account of their seasonal changeability in blooming. One of the most effective methods of detecting water contamination automatically and continuously is biomonitoring with the use of Dreissena polymorpha mussels.

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Seasonal assessment of biological indices, bioaccumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from Algerian west coast, applied to environmental monitoring

Rouane-Hacene O., Boutiba Z., Belhaouari B., Guibbolini-Sabatier M. E., Francour P., Risso-de Faverney C.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (4)

362--374

EN

The aim of the present work is to broaden our knowledge on the variability of trace metals in mussel tissues, focusing on seasonal fluctuations in the three different sampling sites of Algerian west coast (Oran Harbor (S1), Ain Defla (S2) and Hadjaj (S3)). For this purpose, the bioavailability (metal indices) and bioaccumulation (metal concentrations in soft tissues) of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd), and the physiological characteristics (e.g. biological indices such as condition index (CI)) of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis have been assessed and related to seasons and sites. In S1, the highest levels of metal concentrations and indices were obtained in mussels sampled in winter for Zn, Cu and Cd, but in summer for Pb. The biological indices significantly decreased in winter. In S2, the levels of concentrations and indices of all metals varied whatever the seasons, excepting in summer where the values were the lowest. In summer and spring, the biological indices were lower than in autumn and winter. The low growth of organisms in spring and summer might be correlated to the reproductive period and the low trophic level known in S2. S3, considered as a “pristine” area, showed low metal concentrations and indices, and high biological indices, reflecting the favorable physiological conditions for the mussel growth. This approach might be used in the monitoring of the quality of coastal waters and the present work provided a useful data set for Mediterranean monitoring network.

6

Comparison of PCBs and PAHs levels in European coastal waters using mussels from the Mytilus edulis complex as biomonitors: Production and mortality rates

Olenycz M., Sokołowski A., Niewińska A., Wołowicz M., Namieśnik J., Hummel H., Jansen J.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (2)

196--211

EN

Mussels from the Mytilus edulis complex were used as biomonitors for two groups of organic pollutants: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, congeners: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene) at 17 sampling sites to assess their relative bioavailabilities in coastal waters around Europe. Because of the temporal differences in PCBs and PAHs concentrations, data were adjusted using Seasonal Variation Coefficients (SVC) before making large-scale spatial comparisons. The highest concentrations of PCBs were found near estuaries of large rivers flowing through urban areas and industrial regions. Elevated bioavailabilities of PAHs occurred in the vicinity of large harbors, urban areas, and regions affected by petroleum pollution as well as in some remote locations, which indicated long-range atmospheric deposition.

7

Living organisms in water quality biomonitoring system

Tomczak E., Dominiak A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 1

7--15

EN

The typical living organisms used for biological monitoring of surface waters and their use in applications are presented in the paper. The main focus is on the characterisation and use of freshwater mussels. The paper discusses the role of biomonitoring in surface water supply systems. Three-stage biomonitoring system which has been functioning for 20 years in Water and Wastewater Company (ZWiK Sp. z o.o.) in Lodz is presented as an example. The system employs living organisms such as mussels, perch and luminescent bacteria.

PL

Przedstawiono typowe organizmy żywe służące do biomonitoringu wód powierzchniowych oraz ich wykorzystanie w prezentowanych w pracy aplikacjach. Główną uwagę poświęcono charakterystyce i wykorzystaniu małży słodkowodnych. Uwzględniono rolę jaką odgrywa biomonitoring w wodociągowych systemach ujmowania wód powierzchniowych. Za przykład posłużył trójstopniowy system biomonitoringu funkcjonujący od 20 lat w Zakładzie Wodociągów i Kanalizacji Sp. z o.o. w Łodzi, wykorzystujący małże, narybek okonia i bakterie luminescencyjne.

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Content and pattern of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and DDT) in blue mussels Mytilus trossulus from the southern Baltic Sea

Potrykus J., Albalat A., Pempkowiak J., Porte C.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (2)

337-355

EN

The objective of this work was to assess the contents and patterns of selected organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides - DDT) in the southern part of the Baltic Sea proper, using blue mussels, Mytilus trossulus, as sentinel organisms. The mussels were collected from the Baltic Sea off Poland. The sampling programme focused on the mouths of the rivers Odra and Vistula, located respectively in the Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk, both known to be under anthropogenic pressure. The analyses of PCBs and DDT were performed by GC-ECD, that of PAHs by GC-MS. Mussels from both the Vistula and Odra estuaries were found to contain higher levels of organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, DDT; 29.7 ng g-1 w.w. (wet weight), 22.3 ng g-1 w.w., 11.2 ng g-1 w.w. respectively) as compared to the reference point (PAHs - 8.6 ng g-1 w.w., PCBs - 1.9 ng g-1 w.w., DDT - 1.3 ng g-1 w.w.). These results confirm the direct influence of land-based pollution sources on the content of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, and DDT) in the southern Baltic Sea, and point to the Gulf of Gdansk as the area most under threat. P/A and Fluo/Py ratios indicate that in all the mussels analysed, the contaminants were derived mainly from pyrolitic combustion. The mussels collected along the Polish coast of the Baltic contain mostly tetra-aromatic isomers (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene), penta-aromatic isomers (benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(e)fluorene, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)-anthracene) and hexa-aromatics (indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene) rather than di- and tri-aromatics (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene). As regards PCBs, the Baltic mussels contain mostly the more highly chlorinated congeners (penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls). The PCB / pp' DDE and PAH / pp' DDE ratios indicate the predominance of PCBs and PAHs over agriculturally derived DDE in both the Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk.